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The European Physical Journal Special Topics

Experimental demonstration of sub-shot-noise intensity correlations in an intense twin beam

Maria Bondani, Alessia Allevi, Guido Zambra, Alessandra Andreoni, Jan Peřina, J. Křepelka, J. Peřina

Published Jun 17, 2008• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjst/e2008-00707-x

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We report the first experimental demonstration of conditional preparation of a nonclassical state of light in the continuous variable regime. Starting from a nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator which generates above threshold quantum intensity correlated signal and idler "twin beams," we keep the recorded values of the signal intensity only when the idler intensity falls inside a band narrower than its standard deviation. By this very simple technique, we generate a sub-Poissonian state 4.4 dB (64%) below shot noise from twin beams exhibiting 7.5 dB (82%) of noise reduction in the intensity difference.
Quantum-intensity-correlated twin beams of light can be used to measure absorption with precision beyond the classical shot-noise limit. The degree to which this can be achieved with a given estimator is defined by the quality of the twin-beam intensity correlations, which is quantified by the noise reduction factor. We derive an analytical model of twin-beam experiments, incorporating experimental parameters such as the relative detection efficiency of the beams, uncorrelated optical noise, and uncorrelated detector noise. We show that for twin beams without excessive noise, measured correlations can be improved by increasing the detection efficiency of each beam; notwithstanding, this may unbalance detection efficiency. However, for beams with excess intensity or other experimental noise, one should balance detection efficiency, even at the cost of reducing detection efficiency—we specifically define these noise conditions and verify our results with statistical simulation. This has application in design and optimization of absorption spectroscopy and imaging experiments.
Quantum interference of twin optical beams, a typical example of correlated boson fields, is of great interest from the viewpoint of both fundamental and applied physics. Intensity correlated optical beams and their quantum interference bring the possibility of performing sub-shot-noise interferometry experiments which yield high-sensitivity in practical applications. A type-II doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) has been built for research in quantum optics, to provide a source of ultrastable quantum correlated (twin) optical beams with continuously tunable frequency difference from zero up to several THz. Three servo loops have been built to control the frequency difference of the twin optical beams and sub-hertz stability has been achieved for frequency difference up to 100MHz. In particular, frequency degenerate twin beams are indistinguishable macroscopic quantum systems. A series of experimental results has been produced with these OPO-generated ultrastable twin beams: the observation of the generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of untrastable twin optical beams, sub-shot-noise homodyne interferometry, and sub-shot-noise heterodyne polarimetry. Note: Abstract extracted from PDF text