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Physics Letters A

Polarization states encoded by phase modulation for high bit rate quantum key distribution

Xiaobao Liu, Zhilie Tang, Changjun Liao, Lu Yi-Qun, Feng Zhao, Songhao Liu

Published Jun 7, 2006• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2006.05.068

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IEEE photonics journal•Sep 26, 2022•9 citations
A method that can generate all kinds of nonorthogonal polarization states is induced for long distance and high bit rate generation quantum key distribution. T he polarization states are synthesized by two linearly polarization states contr olled by phase modulator. The modulator is allowed to produced non-quarter_wave phase delay so that can compensate the influence of birefrmgence during transmis sion throuogh the fiber. The structures of the encoder and the decoder based on the method are also described that can effectively reduce the bit error rate.
Major progress in quantum key distribution (QKD) has been realised recently both for free space and fiber implementations. For advanced QKD systems over fiber, information is encoded in the relative phase between delayed pulses or in polarization. Recently, we proposed an alternative approach where optical pulses are weakly modulated to generate spectral domain sidebands about a central peak. The information is encoded by the relative phase between the sidebands and the central peak. In this paper, we propose a modified architecture based on phase encoding with active dispersion compensation at 12.5 GHz that potentially allows the use of a high bit rate clock.
Satellite-based quantum key distribution (QKD) has made significant strides in the past few years, and an international space race toward practical quantum networks has begun. Being one major encoding method, highly robust, high-performance and miniaturized polarization modulation is critical to meet the needs of future satellite applications. Here, we employ the Sagnac-based method to realize inherent-stable polarization modulation and propose a novel optical design to achieve a state-of-the-art repetition rate of 2 GHz. This value approaches the theoretical repetition frequency limit with commercially-available phase modulators. Furthermore, the polarization encoder is miniaturized into a robust 6.0 cm × 6.5 cm module and two commercially mature phase modulators. A 90-min consecutive test was successfully performed, verifying the robustness of this scheme with an average quantum bit error rate as low as 0.42%. The presented intrinsically stable high-speed polarization modulation provides an effective solution for future satellite applications.