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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

High bit rate QKD using sideband modulation scheme with active dispersion compensation

F. Patois, Johann Cussey, Nadia Butterlin, Nicolas Pelloquin, Jean-Marc Mérolla, John M. Dudley

Published Jun 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Major progress in quantum key distribution (QKD) has been realised recently both for free space and fiber implementations. For advanced QKD systems over fiber, information is encoded in the relative phase between delayed pulses or in polarization. Recently, we proposed an alternative approach where optical pulses are weakly modulated to generate spectral domain sidebands about a central peak. The information is encoded by the relative phase between the sidebands and the central peak. In this paper, we propose a modified architecture based on phase encoding with active dispersion compensation at 12.5 GHz that potentially allows the use of a high bit rate clock.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2009.5192673

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Major progress in quantum key distribution (QKD) has been realised recently both for free space and fiber implementations. For advanced QKD systems over fiber, information is encoded in the relative phase between delayed pulses or in polarization. Recently, we proposed an alternative approach where optical pulses are weakly modulated to generate spectral domain sidebands about a central peak. The information is encoded by the relative phase between the sidebands and the central peak. In this paper, we propose a modified architecture based on phase encoding with active dispersion compensation at 12.5 GHz that potentially allows the use of a high bit rate clock.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows distant parties to exchange cryptographic keys with unconditional security by encoding information on the degrees of freedom of photons. Polarization encoding has been extensively used for QKD along free-space, optical fiber, and satellite links. However, the polarization encoders used in such implementations are unstable, expensive, and complex and can even exhibit side channels that undermine the security of the protocol. Here we propose a self-compensating polarization encoder based on a lithium niobate phase modulator inside a Sagnac interferometer and implement it using only commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Our polarization encoder combines a simple design and high stability reaching an intrinsic quantum bit error rate as low as 0.2%. Since realization is possible from the 800 to the 1550 nm band using COTS devices, our polarization modulator is a promising solution for free-space, fiber, and satellite-based QKD.
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We report a long-distance, polarization insensitive, quantum key distribution scheme using single-sideband (SSB) detection. The method uses an amplitude modulation to transmit photon in sidebands. The system acts as a fainted laser diode whose information quantum state is encoded in the phase difference between the main peak and its sidebands. Using the dispersion properties of the fiber, the relative phase between interacting quantum states can be reliably controlled by sending a reference signal over the physical link that transmits the quantum signal. Therefore, photon detection can be performed very accurately over long distances. Stability of the synchronization technique with respect to optical path variation is also discussed. The reconciliation process uses a LAN connection as public channel. Experiments were carried out in the C-band telecom window (1550 nm), over a 40-km standard single-mode fiber spool as well as over a 10-km deployed fiber.
We have implemented a quantum key distribution (QKD) system with polarization encoding at 850 nm over 1 km of optical fiber. The high-speed management of the bit-stream, generation of random numbers and processing of the sifting algorithm are all handled by a pair of custom data handling circuit boards. As a complete system using a clock rate of 1.25 Gbit/s, it produces sifted keys at a rate of 1.1 Mb/s with an error rate lower than 1.3% while operating at a transmission rate of 312.5 Mbit/s and a mean photon number μ = 0.1. With a number of proposed improvements this system has a potential for a higher key rate without an elevated error rate.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) system must be robust enough in practical communication. The system performance is notably affected by phase drift. For the fiber-based phase-encoded quantum key distribution system, the Faraday-Michelson QKD scheme can auto-compensate the birefringence of fiber, but phase drift caused by environment variations is still a serious problem in practical operation. In this paper, the major schemes to compensate for the phase drift are analyzed in detail and an “five-phase”effective active phase compensation method is proposed. The comparison with other two major active phase compensation schemes also given. The result shows that this method uses less time to acquire the parameter of phase drift with the same precision and it can be used in phase-encoded QKD systems without introducing additional devices.