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Physical Review A

Intensity-dependent Faraday effect as a tool for controlling the process of light self-squeezing

S. Kielich, R. Tanaś, Roman Zawodny

Published Dec 1, 1987• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A phenomenological (classical) and quantum treatment of the laser light-intensity-induced Faraday effect in isotropic media and crystals is given. The effect, being universal (occurring in all matter), is shown to act as a stimulator controlling the self-squeezing of light: depending on the helicity of circular polarization of the light wave and on the sense of the dc magnetic field, the sign of the pseudoscalar parameter of nonlinear coupling changes leading to an enhancement or weakening of self-squeezing. Moreover, by varying the state of polarization of the light wave or the magnetic field strength, control of the efficiency of light-squeezing generation can be achieved.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.36.5670

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A phenomenological (classical) and quantum treatment of the laser light-intensity-induced Faraday effect in isotropic media and crystals is given. The effect, being universal (occurring in all matter), is shown to act as a stimulator controlling the self-squeezing of light: depending on the helicity of circular polarization of the light wave and on the sense of the dc magnetic field, the sign of the pseudoscalar parameter of nonlinear coupling changes leading to an enhancement or weakening of self-squeezing. Moreover, by varying the state of polarization of the light wave or the magnetic field strength, control of the efficiency of light-squeezing generation can be achieved.
We report on experimental and theoretical study of the nonlinear Faraday effect under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency at the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in rubidium vapor. These transitions realize the inverted YYY model which combines the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and ladder systems. Strong nonlinearity allowing for large rotation angles of a probe beam tuned to the $S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P$ transition was obtained by creation of quantum superpositions of magnetic sublevels (Zeeman coherences) in the rubidium ground state ($\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme). Additionally, electromagnetically induced transparency was accomplished in a ladder scheme by acting with a second strong coupling laser on the $P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D$ transition. Under conditions of a two-photon resonance the rotation was significantly reduced, which is interpreted as a competition between the coherent processes. The effect was observed in sub-Gauss magnetic fields and could be used for efficient coherent control of generation of the ground-state coherences, e.g., for controlling the polarization state of the probe light.
The propagation of quantized electromagnetic fields through optically isotropic media with cubic optical nonlinearity is considered. Analytical solutions are presented in closed form showing that the light field can emerge from the medium in a squeezed quantum state. A detailed numerical analysis of the results is performed and presented graphically. Over 90 per cent of the squeezing permitted by quantum-mechanical theory is achieved in this way. The dependence of the squeezing effect on the polarization state of the field and the nonlinear molecular parameters is also discussed.
The authors report on their investigations on nonlinear Faraday effect (NFE), i.e. light-intensity dependent rotation of the polarization plane of linearly polarized light upon its propagation through a medium placed in a magnetic field. The phenomenon is associated with quantum superpositions of atomic or molecular levels of particles constituting the medium. In this context it is based on the same grounds as electromagnetically induced transparency, coherent population trapping, storage and retrieval of light pulse from a medium. The paper also discusses the mechanisms of generation and detection of the superpositions with light and means of controllable tailoring of a quantum state in long-living (lifetimes >10 ms) atomic state.
We investigate the spatial overlap of nonclassical ultrashort light pulses produced by self-phase modulation effect in electronic Kerr media and its relevance in the formation of polarization-squeezed states of light. The light polarization is treated in terms of four quantum Stokes parameters whose spectra of quantum fluctuations are investigated. We show that the frequency at which the suppression of quantum fluctuations of Stokes parameters is the greatest can be controlled by adjusting the linear phase difference between pulses. By varying the intensity of one pulse one can suppress effectively the quantum fluctuations of Stokes parameters. We study the overlap of nonclassical pulses inside of an anisotropic electronic Kerr medium and we show that the cross-phase modulation effect can be employed to control the polarization-squeezed state of light. Moreover, we establish that the change of the intensity or of the nonlinear phase shift per photon for one pulse controls effectively the squeezing of Stokes parameters. The spatial overlap of a coherent pulse field with an interference pulse produced by mixing two quadrature-squeezed pulses on a beam splitter is analyzed. It is found that squeezing is produced in three of the four Stokes parameters, with the squeezing in the first two being simultaneous.
The nonlinear interaction of elliptically polarized counter-propagating waves in an isotropic transparent medium is analysed. Self-induced changes in the polarization of the counter-propagating light waves, are described. Using these results, a new type of modulator giving self-induced rotation of the polarization ellipse (SIRPE) is studied. The transmission of counter-propagating waves in the SIRPE modulator is shown to exhibit saturation with increase in light intensity and to be a multiple-valued function of the light intensity.