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Physical Review Letters

Generation of Narrow-Bandwidth Paired Photons: Use of a Single Driving Laser

Pavel Kolchin, Shengwang Du, Chinmay Belthangady, G. Y. Yin, Stephen E. Harris

Published Sep 12, 2006• 174 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a generator of narrow-band paired photons. A single retroreflected Ti:sapphire laser is used to cool, render transparent, and parametrically pump a cloud of (87)Rb atoms. We attain a paired-photon generation rate into opposing fibers of 600 counts/s with an intensity correlation function that has a width of 5 ns, and violates the Cauchy-Schwartz criteria by a factor of 2000.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.97.113602

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We describe a generator of narrow-band paired photons. A single retroreflected Ti:sapphire laser is used to cool, render transparent, and parametrically pump a cloud of (87)Rb atoms. We attain a paired-photon generation rate into opposing fibers of 600 counts/s with an intensity correlation function that has a width of 5 ns, and violates the Cauchy-Schwartz criteria by a factor of 2000.
We report the generation of nondegenerate narrow-bandwidth paired photons with time-frequency and polarization entanglements from laser cooled atoms. We observe the two-photon interference caused by Rabi splitting with a coherence time of about 30 ns and a visibility of 81.8% which verifies the time-frequency entanglement of the paired photons. The polarization entanglement is confirmed by polarization correlation measurements which exhibit a visibility of 89.5% and characterized by quantum-state tomography with a fidelity of 90.8%. Taking into account the transmission losses and duty cycle, we estimate that the system generates hyperentangled paired photons into opposing single-mode fibers at a rate of 320 pairs per second.
We observe narrow band pairs of time-correlated photons of wavelengths 776 and 795 nm from nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a laser-cooled atomic ensemble of ^{87}Rb using a cascade decay scheme. Coupling the photon pairs into single mode fibers, we observe an instantaneous rate of 7700 pairs per second with silicon avalanche photodetectors, and an optical bandwidth below 30 MHz. Detection events exhibit a strong correlation in time [g((2))(τ = 0) ≈ 5800] and a high coupling efficiency indicated by a pair-to-single ratio of 23%. The violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality by a factor of 8.4 × 10(6) indicates a strong nonclassical correlation between the generated fields, while a Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiment in the individual photons reveals their thermal nature. The comparison between the measured frequency bandwidth and 1/e decay time of g((2)) indicates a transform-limited spectrum of the photon pairs. The narrow bandwidth and brightness of our source makes it ideal for interacting with atomic ensembles in quantum communication protocols.
We present an efficient and robust source of photons at the 87 Rb D1-line (795 nm) with a narrow bandwidth of δ = 226(1) MHz. The source is based on non-degenerate, cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a monolithic optical parametric oscillator far below threshold. The setup allows for efficient coupling to single mode fibers. A heralding efficiency of η heralded = 45(5) % is achieved, and the uncorrected number of detected photon pairs is 3.8 × 10 3 /(s mW). For pair generation rates up to 5 × 10 5 /s, the source emits heralded single photons with a normalized, heralded, second-order correlation function g c ( 2 ) < 0.01 . The source is intrinsically stable due to the monolithic configuration. Frequency drifts are on the order of δ /20 per hour without active feedback on the emission frequency. We achieved fine-tuning of the source frequency within a range of >2 GHz by applying mechanical strain.
This study reports the experimental demonstration of a high-brightness source of paired photons based on an double-/spl Lambda/ atomic level configuration in cold /sup 87/Rb atoms. The source is capable of producing pairs of correlated photons with bandwidths as small as 5 MHz at into a single spatial mode. Strong counter-propagating coupling and pump lasers are applied and the system spontaneously emits pairs of photons at Stokes and anti-Stokes frequencies. The backward-wave geometry ensures that a spontaneously emitted photons will be oppositely directed and that they can be detected without additional filtering.