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Physical Review Letters

Generation of Paired Photons with Controllable Waveforms

Vlatko Balić, Danielle Braje, Pavel Kolchin, G. Y. Yin, Stephen E. Harris

Published May 9, 2005• 393 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe experiments and theory showing the generation of counterpropagating paired photons with coherence times of about 50 ns and waveforms that are controllable at a rudimentary level. Using cw lasers, electromagnetically induced transparency and cold 87Rb atoms we generate paired photons into opposing single-mode optical fibers at a rate of approximately 12 000 pairs per second.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.94.183601

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We describe experiments and theory showing the generation of counterpropagating paired photons with coherence times of about 50 ns and waveforms that are controllable at a rudimentary level. Using cw lasers, electromagnetically induced transparency and cold 87Rb atoms we generate paired photons into opposing single-mode optical fibers at a rate of approximately 12 000 pairs per second.
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The generation of nonclassical photon pairs with a long coherence time is key for applications that range from fundamental to quantum communication and metrology. Spontaneous four-wave mixing with electromagnetically induced transparency has been demonstrated as one of the most efficient methods; however, narrowing the bandwidth and producing photon pairs with a temporal length beyond 1 μs remains a technical challenge due to noise considerations and the need for cold atoms with a high optical depth (OD). In this work, we demonstrate the generation of narrowband photon pairs with a controllable coherence time up to 1.72 μs in a laser-cooled atomic ensemble with an OD as high as 130. At such a high OD, we find that the pump laser field spatial profile has a significant effect on the time–frequency entangled two-photon waveform. We also confirm the quantum particle nature of heralded narrowband single photons generated from this source.
We report the generation of nondegenerate narrow-bandwidth paired photons with time-frequency and polarization entanglements from laser cooled atoms. We observe the two-photon interference caused by Rabi splitting with a coherence time of about 30 ns and a visibility of 81.8% which verifies the time-frequency entanglement of the paired photons. The polarization entanglement is confirmed by polarization correlation measurements which exhibit a visibility of 89.5% and characterized by quantum-state tomography with a fidelity of 90.8%. Taking into account the transmission losses and duty cycle, we estimate that the system generates hyperentangled paired photons into opposing single-mode fibers at a rate of 320 pairs per second.