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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Microwave threshold spectra of a Rydberg potassium atom in strong microwave fields

Yong Li, Hongwei Song, Xuejun Cai

Published Sep 6, 2010• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By a direct approach that is based on the Floquet method plus a kind of atomic potential model, we obtain the theoretical microwave threshold spectra with threshold fields and resonance fields that are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Our results confirm that the threshold fields do not exhibit smooth n dependence and show that, in general, the structure does not appear before the threshold field is achieved in the microwave threshold spectrum except for a few special cases. The explanation why the threshold fields do not exhibit a smooth n dependence and why the structure does not always appear before the threshold field is provided by our detailed theoretical calculations for the microwave threshold spectra.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/43/18/185002

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By a direct approach that is based on the Floquet method plus a kind of atomic potential model, we obtain the theoretical microwave threshold spectra with threshold fields and resonance fields that are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Our results confirm that the threshold fields do not exhibit smooth n dependence and show that, in general, the structure does not appear before the threshold field is achieved in the microwave threshold spectrum except for a few special cases. The explanation why the threshold fields do not exhibit a smooth n dependence and why the structure does not always appear before the threshold field is provided by our detailed theoretical calculations for the microwave threshold spectra.
In a phenomenological two-level model, by using Floquet method, we directly calculate the multiphoton transition probability between the Rydberg states of an alkali-metal atom in strong microwave fields. The convergence of the truncated Floquet matrix, and the influences of parameters upon the multiphoton resonant spectra are discussed. The results show that our method can give clearer physical picture and better results about the multiphoton transition than indirect methods. Moreover, our method can easily be generalized to treat multi-level models.
We refine an earlier method for calculating the spectra of atoms and molecules in a strong microwave or laser field plus a static electric field. Results are reported for microwave resonance transition spectra of potassium for transitions from the 19s state at five choices of fixed microwave field strength (38, 68, 120, 152 and 193 V cm(-1)) as the static field strength is varied from 200 to 550 V cm(-1). More resonances have been found in the higher microwave field-strength theoretical spectra than previously found experimentally. An understanding of butterfly like structures in the plot of quasi-energy against static electric field strength has allowed an improved understanding of these novel features.
Experimental results of studying the spectrum of the microwave 37 P -37 S transition of Rydberg sodium atoms in a weak magnetic field (≤7 G) are reported. The populations of the Rydberg states were measured using the method of selective ionization with a pulsed electric field. When the magnetic field was parallel to the ionizing electric field, a good agreement between the calculated and experimental spectral shapes was observed, making it possible to determine the unknown polarization of the microwave radiation. In the case of the orthogonal configuration of the fields, the resonance structure was suppressed in the field ionization signals due to the strong influence of the magnetic field on the electron trajectories in the detection system.
Observations are reported of complete sequences of N-photon resonant microwave transitions, in potassium, from the (n+2)s state to the lowest energy state of the linear Stark manifold of principal quantum number n. The number N of photons absorbed ranges from 1 to as high as 30, and n is in the range from 16 to 19. A sequence is observed by scanning the static electric field, starting at the field at which the levels undergo an avoided crossing, until zero field is reached. The maximum number of photons absorbed is observed to be proportional to the microwave field amplitude, with an offset of two photons at zero field. Dynamic Stark shifts of the levels are observed to be proportional to the microwave power. The n dependence and absolute size of the shift are in agreement with Floquet calculations. The relation between the N-photon resonances and microwave ionization is discussed. In particular, resonances in microwave ionization spectra are seen to be due to dynamic-Stark-shifted multiphoton transitions.