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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Study of Microwave Multiphoton Transition of Rydberg Potassium Atom by Using B-Spline

Cheng Jin, Xiaoxin Zhou, Song-Feng Zhao

Published Dec 1, 2005• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The B-spline expansion technique and time-dependent two-level approach are applied to study the interaction between the microwave field and potassium atoms in a static electric field. We obtain theoretical multiphoton resonance spectra that can be compared with the experimental data. We also obtain the time evolution of the final state in different microwave fields.

DOI
10.1088/6102/44/6/1065

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The B-spline expansion technique and time-dependent two-level approach are applied to study the interaction between the microwave field and potassium atoms in a static electric field. We obtain theoretical multiphoton resonance spectra that can be compared with the experimental data. We also obtain the time evolution of the final state in different microwave fields.
By using the B -spline expansion technique and a model potential of the alkali atoms, the properties of frequency-modulated excitation of Rydberg potassium atoms in a static electric field and a microwave field are investigated by using the time-dependent two-level approach. We successfully reproduce the square wave oscillations in the low frequency, the stair step population oscillations in the intermediate frequency, and the multiphoton transitions in the high frequency with respect to the unmodulated Rabi frequency, which have been observed experimentally by Noel et al. [ Phys. Rev. A 58 2265 (1998) ]. Furthermore, we also numerically obtain the discretized Rabi oscillations predicted in the Landau—Zener accumulation model.
By using the B-spline expansion technique and a model potential of the alkali atoms, the properties of frequency- modulated excitation of Rydberg potassium atoms in a static electric field and a microwave field are investigated by using the time-dependent two-level approach. We successfully reproduce the square wave oscillations in the low frequency, the stair step population oscillations in the intermediate frequency, and the multiphoton transitions in the high frequency with respect to the unmodulated Rabi frequency, which have been observed experimentally by Noel et al. [Phys. Rev. A 58 2265 (1998)]. Furthermore, we also numerically obtain the discretized Rabi oscillations predicted in the Landau-Zener accumulation model.
We refine an earlier method for calculating the spectra of atoms and molecules in a strong microwave or laser field plus a static electric field. Results are reported for microwave resonance transition spectra of potassium for transitions from the 19s state at five choices of fixed microwave field strength (38, 68, 120, 152 and 193 V cm(-1)) as the static field strength is varied from 200 to 550 V cm(-1). More resonances have been found in the higher microwave field-strength theoretical spectra than previously found experimentally. An understanding of butterfly like structures in the plot of quasi-energy against static electric field strength has allowed an improved understanding of these novel features.
Observations are reported of complete sequences of N-photon resonant microwave transitions, in potassium, from the (n+2)s state to the lowest energy state of the linear Stark manifold of principal quantum number n. The number N of photons absorbed ranges from 1 to as high as 30, and n is in the range from 16 to 19. A sequence is observed by scanning the static electric field, starting at the field at which the levels undergo an avoided crossing, until zero field is reached. The maximum number of photons absorbed is observed to be proportional to the microwave field amplitude, with an offset of two photons at zero field. Dynamic Stark shifts of the levels are observed to be proportional to the microwave power. The n dependence and absolute size of the shift are in agreement with Floquet calculations. The relation between the N-photon resonances and microwave ionization is discussed. In particular, resonances in microwave ionization spectra are seen to be due to dynamic-Stark-shifted multiphoton transitions.
We have applied a nonperturbative resonant theory to study the Rabi frequency of microwave multiphoton transitions between two Rydberg states of potassium in a static electric field. The Stark electric dipole moments used to calculate the Rabi frequency are determined by the Stark states' wave functions, which are obtained by the diagonalization method. The frequencies of the Rabi oscillations are in good agreement with either experimental ones or ones calculated by the time-dependent close-coupling method and the Floquet theory. Furthermore, we are able to show that the size of avoided crossings between the (n+2)s(n+2)s(n+2)s and (n,3)(n,3)(n,3) states can be predicted from the Stark electric dipole moment and the difference of the two Stark states' energy at a given resonance.