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Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics

Quantum Networks Consist of Semiconductor Quantum Dot and Cavity

Hua Wei, Tingting Zeng, Ranran Fang

Published May 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A hybrid quantum networks made of single-charged quantum dots and cavities, connected by fibers between cavity nodes, is illustrated. We show that how the state of quantum dot is manipulated by single photons, its functions in optical transport and phase control and thereafter its applications in quantum information transfer and entanglement generation. We give the dynamics of the system governed by the basic input-output equations for the cavity and single photons, and the corresponding numerical simulation.

DOI
10.1109/sopo.2012.6270434

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A hybrid quantum networks made of single-charged quantum dots and cavities, connected by fibers between cavity nodes, is illustrated. We show that how the state of quantum dot is manipulated by single photons, its functions in optical transport and phase control and thereafter its applications in quantum information transfer and entanglement generation. We give the dynamics of the system governed by the basic input-output equations for the cavity and single photons, and the corresponding numerical simulation.
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Single electron spin in a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) and single photon wavepacket propagating in an optical waveguide are investigated as carriers of quantum bit (qubit) for information processing. Cavity quantum electrodynamics of the coupled system composed of charged QD, microcavity and waveguide provides a quantum interface for the interplay of stationary spin qubits and flying photon qubits via cavity assisted optical control. This interface forms the basis for a wide range of essential functions of a quantum network, including transferring, swapping, and entangling qubits at distributed quantum nodes as well as a deterministic source and an efficient detector of a single photon wavepacket with arbitrarily specified shape. The cavity assisted optical process also made possible ultrafast initialization and QND readout of the spin qubit in QD. In addition, the strong optical nonlinearity of dot-cavity-waveguide coupled system enables phase gate and entanglement operation for flying single photon qubits in waveguides. The coherence of the electron spin is the wellspring of these quantum applications being investigated. At low temperature and strong magnetic field, the dominant cause of electron spin decoherence is the coupling with the interacting lattice nuclear spins. We present a quantum solution to the coupled dynamics of the electron with the nuclear spin bath. The decoherence is treated in terms of quantum entanglement of the electron with the nuclear pair-flip excitations driven by the various nuclear interactions. A novel nuclear interaction, mediated by virtue spin-flips of the single electron, plays an important role in single spin free-induction decay (FID). The spin echo not only refocuses the dephasing by inhomogeneous broadening in ensemble dynamics but also eliminates the decoherence by electron-mediated nuclear interaction. Thus, the decoherence times for single spin FID and ensemble spin echo are significantly different. The quantum theory of decoherence also leads to a method of coherence recovery of the electron by disentanglement, realized through maneuvering the nuclear bath evolution by control of the electron spin-flip. The studies form the basis to outline the construction of a solid-state quantum network for scalable and distributed processing of quantum information
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Abstract A model for a controlled single-photon beam-splitter is proposed and analyzed. It consists of two crossed optical-cavities with overlapping waists, dynamically coupled to a single flying atom. The system is shown to route a single photon with near-unity efficiency in an effective ‘weak-coupling’ regime. Furthermore, two such nodes, forming a segment of a quantum network, are shown to perform several controlled quantum operations. All one-qubit operations involve a transfer of a photon from one cavity to another in a single node, while two-qubit operations involve transfer from one node to a next one, coupled via an optical fiber. Novel timing protocols for classical optical fields are found to simplify possible experimental realizations along with achievable effective parameter regime. Though our analysis here is based on a cavity-QED scenario, basic features of the model can be extended to various other physical systems including gated quantum dots, circuit-QED or opto-mechanical elements.
Semiconductor quantum dots have emerged as excellent artificial atoms to both generate and manipulate quantum light. When embedded in cavities, they can generate single photons and entangled photons with unparalleled efficiency and high quantum purity. In this talk, I will discuss how such devices can be used to generate strings of many entangled photons. The method, leveraging the spin-selective optical transition in a charged quantum dot, leads to the generation of indistinguishable photons in linear cluster states or GHZ states at high rates, realizing an important milestone for scaling-up optical quantum technologies.