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Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation

Spin-photon entanglement and photonic cluster states generation with a semiconductor quantum dot in a cavity

Nathan Coste, Dario Fioretto, Nadia Belabas, Stephen C. Wein, Paul Hilaire, Rafail Frantzeskakis, Manuel Gundín, Bruno O. Goes, Niccolò Somaschi, Martina Morassi, Aristide Lemaître, Isabelle Sagnes, Abdelmounaïm Harouri, Sophia E. Economou, Alexia Auffèves, O. Krebs, L. Lanco, P. Senellart

Published Mar 8, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Semiconductor quantum dots have emerged as excellent artificial atoms to both generate and manipulate quantum light. When embedded in cavities, they can generate single photons and entangled photons with unparalleled efficiency and high quantum purity. In this talk, I will discuss how such devices can be used to generate strings of many entangled photons. The method, leveraging the spin-selective optical transition in a charged quantum dot, leads to the generation of indistinguishable photons in linear cluster states or GHZ states at high rates, realizing an important milestone for scaling-up optical quantum technologies.

DOI
10.1117/12.2653521

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Semiconductor quantum dots have emerged as excellent artificial atoms to both generate and manipulate quantum light. When embedded in cavities, they can generate single photons and entangled photons with unparalleled efficiency and high quantum purity. In this talk, I will discuss how such devices can be used to generate strings of many entangled photons. The method, leveraging the spin-selective optical transition in a charged quantum dot, leads to the generation of indistinguishable photons in linear cluster states or GHZ states at high rates, realizing an important milestone for scaling-up optical quantum technologies.
Semiconductor quantum dots have emerged as an excellent platform for quantum light generation, providing quantum pure single photon wavepackets with unparalleled efficiency. These devices have started to accelerate the development of optical quantum technologies – notably in the field of optical quantum computing. In this talk, I will discuss our progresses toward the deterministic source, the use of these sources for the generation of linear cluster states and the generation of quantum light state using spontaneous emission as a resource for entanglement in the photon number basis.
Over the past twenty-five years, intensive research on epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has transformed these systems from random quantum emitters embedded in a noisy solid-state environment into one of the most efficient platforms for generating not only single photons but also multiple entangled photons in highly pure quantum states. Today, QD-photon interfaces often outperform their natural-atom counterparts in both quantum-state purity and photon-generation rates while also offering a clear route toward scalable integration and industrial deployment. Building on these remarkable achievements, this Essay outlines a path toward a not-so-distant future in which large numbers of quantum-dot spins are entangled to generate quantum states of light with unprecedented numbers of entangled photons. Just as lasers evolved from laboratory curiosities into ubiquitous enabling technologies, semiconductor sources of large-scale photonic entanglement could become indispensable resources for both emerging quantum technologies and fundamental research. Part of a series of Essays in Physical Review Letters which concisely present author visions for the future of their field.
Photonic graph states are key resource states for measurement based quantum information processing. As semiconductor quantum dots are excellent deterministic photon emitters, several protocols using them for the generation of linear cluster states have been proposed, either based on constant precession of a hole or electron spin in a weak magnetic field, or based on optical spin control, in a stronger magnetic field. We theoretically compare four such schemes, using polarization or time-bin encoding, respectively, for a range of cavity environments and spin coherence times. In particular we study how different error mechanisms affect the different schemes, using a microscopic model of the spin control, the excitation and emission dynamics, and of the phonon bath. We find the spin-precession based schemes to scale well with strong cavity enhancement and to be naturally robust against phonon-induced decoherence, while the schemes using optical spin control can perform well for lower spin coherence times and are strongly dependent on the cooperativity of the cavity induced cycling transition. Our results provide a regime map for choosing between magnetic-field-driven and optically controlled protocols depending on spin coherence time, Purcell enhancement, and suppression of unwanted decay channels.
Quantum computation using photons offers one possible route towards the long-standing goal of scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computing. Within this realm, measurement-based quantum computing offers a promising approach exploiting many of the advantages of photons. Implementing photonic measurement-based architectures relies upon the deterministic generation of graph states composed of many entangled photons. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are sources of indistinguishable single photons and hosts of solid-state spins, marking them desirable platforms for controlled entanglement generation. Such a platform consisting of a single charged QD coupled to a photonic cavity has been proven for the generation of multipartite spin-photon graph states. This dissertation will present advancements in the versatility and coherence of such entanglement generation. First, background on quantum dots, single photon generation, spin control, and entanglement will be introduced. Then, sources of error and decoherence will be addressed using control of the hole g-factor and dynamical decoupling techniques. The aim of versatility is advanced through results on the generation of four-partite graph states with on-demand reconfigurability of the type of state produced. Finally, a different paradigm using quantum dot molecules will be introduced, and novel estimation of important physical parameters in this system is developed.
Measurement-based quantum computing, vital for scalable photonic quantum technologies, is limited by inefficient generation of high-fidelity cluster states from spin-photon entanglement in semiconductor quantum dots. This work explores the deep connections between quantum dot spin physics and quantum optics, leading to the discovery of strong anisotropy in the entanglement process and identification of optimal entanglement conditions to improve cluster-state fidelity. That insight enables improved cluster-state sources, advancing optical quantum computing and quantum networks.
Photonic quantum technologies are based on controlled photon states. To generate these, quantum dots have emerged as excellent sources of single and entangled photons. In this Perspective, we briefly review the chronological development of quantum dots as photon sources, from their beginnings as quantum emitters in the early 2000s to the advanced photonic devices being developed today. We highlight the interplay between fundamental research and industrial aspects before discussing the photonic quantum technologies we expect to emerge in the near future.