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Physical Review A

Spatial structure of light and a nonlinear refractive index generated by fanning in photorefractive media

A. A. Zozulya, Dana Z. Anderson

Published Jul 1, 1995• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate asymmetric stimulated photorefractive scattering (fanning) in the framework of a two-dimensional model, based on the solution of nonlinear material equations and parabolic equations for electromagnetic radiation. We focus on the spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields and the nonlinear refractive index generated by fanning. In the region of developed fanning the structure of the refractive index corresponds to regions of relatively smooth index with abrupt transitions between them. These transitions trace lines of zero field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.52.878

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We investigate asymmetric stimulated photorefractive scattering (fanning) in the framework of a two-dimensional model, based on the solution of nonlinear material equations and parabolic equations for electromagnetic radiation. We focus on the spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields and the nonlinear refractive index generated by fanning. In the region of developed fanning the structure of the refractive index corresponds to regions of relatively smooth index with abrupt transitions between them. These transitions trace lines of zero field.
A new model was built for light propagation in two-dimensional anisotropic random medium,and the dielectric constant distribution was precisely described.The optical property of light waves in twodimensional random media with uniaxial scattering particles was investigated by simultaneously solving Maxwell's equations and rate equations of electronic population.Results show that ordered scatterers in anisotropic material can also form localization of light-waves if the index of refraction of the uniaxial scatterers distribute randomly in two-dimensional media.The randomness of rotation angle of the optic axis determines the index of refraction of each scattering particle and reinforces the random lasing in random media.
Nonlinear optics normally involves the change in the susceptibility of a material due to the presence of optical radiation. In many cases, the light-matter interaction produces a change in the refractive index of the medium, as occurs in photorefractive media, as well as in Kerr-like media, Brillouin-active media and absorbing media with thermallyinduced refractive index changes. Such nonlinear refractive index variation corresponds to a change in the real part of the optical susceptibility %. In resonant materials, the optical radiation induces stimulated emission (or absorption) causing transfer of population between different energy states of the medium. This can lead to saturation of the amplification (or absorption) corresponding to changes in the imaginary part of the susceptibility x= i2odk where the amplitude gain coefficient a(I) is a saturable function of the intensity /, and k is the magnitude of the wavevector of the optical radiation. The interference of two (or more) coherent beams I(x) in the laser amplifier can cause a modulation of the population inversion N(x). This modulation of the inversion is commonly known as spatial hole burning in lasers and leads to formation of a gain-grating a(x) = 1/2GN(X) where G is the stimulated emission cross-section. The gain grating can act as a very efficient diffractive optical element exhibiting high diffraction efficiency that may be even greater than unity [16] and also very high phase conjugate reflectivity using four-wave mixing (FWM) geometries [5-7].
Light-induced change in the index of refraction of a Kerr medium is well known.1 Illumination with a spatially periodic light intensity leads to the formation of an index grating in the Kerr medium. We make a comparative study of the response time and power requirement for index grating formation in photorefractive and Kerr media. We examine the conditions in which the index grating in the Kerr medium will be spatially shifted from the light intensity that induces it. Two-beam coupling via Bragg diffraction from the nonlocal index grating is studied.2 The coupling constant is found to depend on the relaxation mechanism of the atoms in the Kerr media and the frequency detunings of the two beams from the line center.