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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Linewidth Reduction of Quantum Beats by Recurrent Excitation

Kazuyuki Nakayama, Shigeki Furue, Tomoji Ogawa, Masatoshi Misono, Takahisa Mitsui, T. Kohmoto, Masakazu Kunitomo, Yukio Fukuda

Published Oct 15, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A high-resolution coherent spectroscopy, based on the iterative excitation using the atomic response, is studied. The Zeeman quantum beats in the ground state 3 2 S 1/2 of Na atoms were produced and monitored by optical means. Significant reductions of the spectral width were observed for resonance lines broadened by inhomogeneity of the magnetic field. Theoretical analysis for the coherence-beat signals is given. The experimental results were well explained by the theory.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.73.2708

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A high-resolution coherent spectroscopy, based on the iterative excitation using the atomic response, is studied. The Zeeman quantum beats in the ground state 3 2 S 1/2 of Na atoms were produced and monitored by optical means. Significant reductions of the spectral width were observed for resonance lines broadened by inhomogeneity of the magnetic field. Theoretical analysis for the coherence-beat signals is given. The experimental results were well explained by the theory.
Summary form only given. Spectral narrowing by recurrent use of free-decay signal in magnetic resonance has been proposed and demonstrated in the ground state of Rb atoms. In the present report we apply this technique to the measurement of the hyperfine frequency in the excited state. This is a sublevel spectroscopy with recurrent excitation where the atomic response is iteratively used as the next excitation. The hyperfine spectra of the excited state /sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ of the D/sub 2/ transition in /sup 85/Rb atoms, the line widths of which are much narrower than the natural width, were observed and the hyperfine constants of the excited state were determined precisely.
The response of ground-state spin coherence to narrow-band periodic optical excitation is studied theoretically and experimentally. The dependence of the induced oscillating magnetization on the transverse magnetic field and on the frequency of the laser radiation is calculated for a four-level model system from a Bloch-type equation, yielding a two-dimensional resonance line. The application of this two-dimensional high-resolution Zeeman and optical spectroscopy is demonstrated experimentally in the case of the D1{\mathit{D}}_{1}D1​ line of atomic rubidium vapor. Resolution in the kilohertz range is achieved, which allows clear spectral separation of the two isotopes 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb, showing overlapping lines in the conventional optical absorption spectrum.
We report detailed studies of freely evolving Zeeman coherence (Zeeman quantum beats) observed after optically pumping a gas of Na atoms and suddenly turning off the light field. This Zeeman coherence corresponds to a macroscopic magnetization that precesses in an external magnetic field; it is detected with a cw optical probe beam by using polarization-selective detection of the transmitted light. The amplitude and the phase of the signal show a pronounced variation with laser intensity, laser detuning, and the strength of the magnetic field. This dependence was measured on the 3s2S1/2 ground state of sodium, using the D1 line for optical excitation and detection. The experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions based on a Bloch-type equation of motion for an optically driven spin system in a J = 1/2 ground state.
Summary form only given. To understand the fundamental properties of an atom, precise measurement of the atomic resonance frequency is important. The main factor that restricts the precision is the spectral broadening. Spectral narrowing by recurrent use of free decay signal in magnetic resonance was proposed and demonstrated in the ground state of Rb atoms. In the present report we apply this technique to the measurement of the hyperfine frequency in the excited state. This is a sublevel spectroscopy with recurrent excitation, where the atomic response is iteratively used as the next excitation. The hyperfine spectra of the excited state /sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ of the D/sub 2/ transition in Rb atoms, whose line width is much narrower than the natural line width, was observed and the hyperfine constants of the excited state were determined precisely.
For pt.I see ibid., vol.20, p.251 (1987). Theoretical expressions for cascade light intensity as a function of time have been evaluated for the case of cascade Zeeman beats produced by two-step excitation with broad-line laser pulses, and the results are compared with experimentally observed cascade Zeeman beats in Fe I. The beats were detected in time-resolved fluorescence from intermediate levels populated by cascades from highly excited levels of Fe I, using three different stepwise-excitation-cascade sequences. In the case of coincident laser pulses, good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained over a range of magnetic fields when allowance is made for Larmor precessions during the excitation period, for the width and shape of the exciting laser pulses and for the contribution of impurity processes. The effects of precession during the excitation period are especially important for the excitation sequence a 5 D 4 to z 5 F degrees 5 to e 5 F 5 , for which short-pulse theories predict no quantum beats for the experimental geometry used (parallel linear polarisations in the two excitation steps). For non-coincident pulses a predicted oscillation in the amplitude of the cascade beats with magnetic field has also been observed.