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Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Physics

Effects of polariton-polariton scattering and the nonlinear properties of polaritonic crystal

Evgeny S. Sedov, A. P. Alodjants, Sergei M Arakelyan, Y. Y. Lin, R. -K. Lee

Published Jun 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The coherent and nonlinear properties of a polaritonic crystal (PolC), formed by trapped two-level atoms in an optical cavity array and interacting with an optical field, are analyzed. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is considered for the dynamics of coupled atom-light states and low-branch polaritons associated with PolCs in the continuous medium limit. The existence of a stable ground-state PolC wave function is predicted using the variational approach. For negative scattering lengths, the wave function collapses in the presence of small quintic nonlinearity.

DOI
10.3103/s1062873812060263

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The coherent and nonlinear properties of a polaritonic crystal (PolC), formed by trapped two-level atoms in an optical cavity array and interacting with an optical field, are analyzed. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is considered for the dynamics of coupled atom-light states and low-branch polaritons associated with PolCs in the continuous medium limit. The existence of a stable ground-state PolC wave function is predicted using the variational approach. For negative scattering lengths, the wave function collapses in the presence of small quintic nonlinearity.
Coherent properties of a two-dimensional spatially periodic structure, polaritonic crystal (PolC) formed by trapped two-level atoms in an optical cavity array interacting with a light field, are analyzed. By considering the wave function overlapping for both photonic and atomic states, a cubic-quintic complex nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation is derived for the dynamics of coupled atom-light states, wave function of low-branch polaritons, associated with PolC in the continuous limit. A variational approach predicts that a stable ground-state wave function of PolC exists but is accompanied by an oscillating width. For a negative scattering length, the wave function collapses in the presence of a small quintic nonlinearity appearing due to a three-body polariton interaction. By studying the nonequilibrium (dissipative) dynamics of polaritons with adiabatic approximation, we have shown that the collapse of PolC wave function can be prevented even in the presence of small decaying of a number of polariton particles.
We propose a new type of spatially periodic structure, i.e. polaritonic crystal (PolC), to observe a "slow"/"stopped" light phenomenon due to coupled atom-field states (polaritons) in a lattice. Under the tightbinding approximation, such a system realizes an array of weakly coupled trapped two-component atomic ensembles interacting with optical field in a tunnel-coupled one dimensional cavity array. We have shown that the phase transition to the superfluid Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state, a so-called (BCS)-type state of low branch polaritons, occurs under the strong coupling condition. Such a transition results in the appearance of a macroscopic polarization of the atomic medium at non-zero frequency. The principal result is that the group velocity of polaritons depends essentially on the order parameter of the system, i.e. on the average photon number in the cavity array.
We describe a new type of spatially periodic structure (lattice models): a polaritonic crystal formed by a two-dimensional lattice of trapped two-level atoms interacting with the electromagnetic field in a cavity (or in a one-dimensional array of tunnelling-coupled microcavities), which allows polaritons to be fully localised. Using a one-dimensional polaritonic crystal as an example, we analyse conditions for quantum degeneracy of a lower-polariton gas and those for quantum optical information recording and storage.
A new developed for storing quantum information on atomic polaritons being at thermal equilibrium is developed for the first time. We propose a new type of spatially periodic structure - polaritonic crystal (PolC) formed by trapped two-level atoms interacting with quantum electromagnetic field in one-dimensional array of tunnelcoupled microcavities, which allows polaritons to be fully localized. The quantum degeneracy and phase transition to superfluid (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-type) state for low branch polaritons is discussed. The principal result is that the group velocity of polaritons depends essentially on the order parameter of the system, i.e. on the average photon number in the cavity array. An algorithm for the spatially distributed writing, storing, and retrieving of quantum optical information using polariton wave packet propagated in the cavity array is examined. To take into account decoherence processes in polaritonic system the quantum Brownian particle model is discussed as well.
Nowadays the light-matter interaction phenomena in spatially periodic structure have been studied extensive, i.e. photonic crystals, cavity array. In this thesis, we consider coherent properties of coupled atom-field systems with adding the interaction between atoms and discuss the quantum phase transition and envelope function method for this system. We further show that beyond widely used low excitation density limit and Holstein-Primakoff transformation. We have shown that the phase transition diagram of the normal to superfluid (BEC) state of low branch polaritons in the critical temperature domain. Finally, a multiple-scale technique has been used to analyze the electromagnetic properties of the nonlinear dielectric periodic thin-film stacks. We have found a solitary–wave equation behavior in the array which includes the atom-atom interaction.
In this paper, to study the effects of a nonlinear medium on the atom–field interaction, we use the nonlinear coherent states approach. For this purpose, we choose the two-mode cross-Kerr as our nonlinear optical phenomena, and with the use of its algebra, we show that it can be considered as a deformed oscillator as well as a deformed su(2) algebra. Then we construct the associated two-mode nonlinear coherent states and investigate their statistical properties. After that, as an example of applicability of the constructed coherent states, we investigate the nonlinear effects of the medium on the dynamics of atom–field interaction within the framework of the coherent states. By using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we study the effect of the nonlinear medium on the occupation probabilities of the atomic levels and consider the relation between the revival time of the atomic occupation probabilities and the nonlinear parameter of the medium. Then, to study the nonlinear effects on the dynamical properties of the cavity field, we consider the photon distribution, correlation function, Mandel parameters of the field, von Neumann entropy, and also the squeezing. Particularly, the nonlinearity of the media on the nonclassical properties of the two modes is clarified.