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arXiv:1106.1338 · Physical Review A

Nonlinear properties and stabilities of polaritonic crystals beyond the low-excitation-density limit

Evgeny S. Sedov, A. P. Alodjants, Sergei M Arakelyan, Y. Y. Lin, Ray‐Kuang Lee

Published Jul 13, 2011• 19 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Coherent properties of a two-dimensional spatially periodic structure, polaritonic crystal (PolC) formed by trapped two-level atoms in an optical cavity array interacting with a light field, are analyzed. By considering the wave function overlapping for both photonic and atomic states, a cubic-quintic complex nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation is derived for the dynamics of coupled atom-light states, wave function of low-branch polaritons, associated with PolC in the continuous limit. A variational approach predicts that a stable ground-state wave function of PolC exists but is accompanied by an oscillating width. For a negative scattering length, the wave function collapses in the presence of a small quintic nonlinearity appearing due to a three-body polariton interaction. By studying the nonequilibrium (dissipative) dynamics of polaritons with adiabatic approximation, we have shown that the collapse of PolC wave function can be prevented even in the presence of small decaying of a number of polariton particles.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.013813

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Coherent properties of a two-dimensional spatially periodic structure, polaritonic crystal (PolC) formed by trapped two-level atoms in an optical cavity array interacting with a light field, are analyzed. By considering the wave function overlapping for both photonic and atomic states, a cubic-quintic complex nonlinear Schr"odinger equation is derived for the dynamics of coupled atom-light states, wave function of low-branch polaritons, associated with PolC in the continuous limit. A variational approach predicts that a stable ground-state wave function of PolC exists but is accompanied by an oscillating width. For a negative scattering length, the wave function collapses in the presence of a small quintic nonlinearity appearing due to a three-body polariton interaction. By studying the nonequilibrium (dissipative) dynamics of polaritons with adiabatic approximation, we have shown that the collapse of PolC wave function can be prevented even in the presence of small decaying of a number of polariton particles.
The coherent and nonlinear properties of a polaritonic crystal (PolC), formed by trapped two-level atoms in an optical cavity array and interacting with an optical field, are analyzed. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is considered for the dynamics of coupled atom-light states and low-branch polaritons associated with PolCs in the continuous medium limit. The existence of a stable ground-state PolC wave function is predicted using the variational approach. For negative scattering lengths, the wave function collapses in the presence of small quintic nonlinearity.
We propose a new type of spatially periodic structure, i.e. polaritonic crystal (PolC), to observe a "slow"/"stopped" light phenomenon due to coupled atom-field states (polaritons) in a lattice. Under the tightbinding approximation, such a system realizes an array of weakly coupled trapped two-component atomic ensembles interacting with optical field in a tunnel-coupled one dimensional cavity array. We have shown that the phase transition to the superfluid Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state, a so-called (BCS)-type state of low branch polaritons, occurs under the strong coupling condition. Such a transition results in the appearance of a macroscopic polarization of the atomic medium at non-zero frequency. The principal result is that the group velocity of polaritons depends essentially on the order parameter of the system, i.e. on the average photon number in the cavity array.
Nowadays the light-matter interaction phenomena in spatially periodic structure have been studied extensive, i.e. photonic crystals, cavity array. In this thesis, we consider coherent properties of coupled atom-field systems with adding the interaction between atoms and discuss the quantum phase transition and envelope function method for this system. We further show that beyond widely used low excitation density limit and Holstein-Primakoff transformation. We have shown that the phase transition diagram of the normal to superfluid (BEC) state of low branch polaritons in the critical temperature domain. Finally, a multiple-scale technique has been used to analyze the electromagnetic properties of the nonlinear dielectric periodic thin-film stacks. We have found a solitary–wave equation behavior in the array which includes the atom-atom interaction.
A new developed for storing quantum information on atomic polaritons being at thermal equilibrium is developed for the first time. We propose a new type of spatially periodic structure - polaritonic crystal (PolC) formed by trapped two-level atoms interacting with quantum electromagnetic field in one-dimensional array of tunnelcoupled microcavities, which allows polaritons to be fully localized. The quantum degeneracy and phase transition to superfluid (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-type) state for low branch polaritons is discussed. The principal result is that the group velocity of polaritons depends essentially on the order parameter of the system, i.e. on the average photon number in the cavity array. An algorithm for the spatially distributed writing, storing, and retrieving of quantum optical information using polariton wave packet propagated in the cavity array is examined. To take into account decoherence processes in polaritonic system the quantum Brownian particle model is discussed as well.
We describe a new type of spatially periodic structure (lattice models): a polaritonic crystal formed by a two-dimensional lattice of trapped two-level atoms interacting with the electromagnetic field in a cavity (or in a one-dimensional array of tunnelling-coupled microcavities), which allows polaritons to be fully localised. Using a one-dimensional polaritonic crystal as an example, we analyse conditions for quantum degeneracy of a lower-polariton gas and those for quantum optical information recording and storage.
Dynamics and stability of solitons in two-dimensional (2D) Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC), with one-dimensional (1D) conservative plus dissipative nonlinear optical lattices, are investigated. In the case of focusing media (with attractive atomic systems), the collapse of the wave packet is arrested by the dissipative periodic nonlinearity. The adiabatic variation of the background scattering length leads to metastable matter-wave solitons. When the atom feeding mechanism is used, a dissipative soliton can exist in focusing 2D media with 1D periodic nonlinearity. In the defocusing media (repulsive BEC case) with harmonic trap in one direction and nonlinear optical lattice in the other direction, the stable soliton can exist. Variational approach simulations are confirmed by full numerical results for the 2D Gross-Pitaevskii equation.