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Journal of Optics

Free-space orbital angular momentum division multiplexing with Bessel beams

Alberto Gatto, Matteo Tacca, Paolo Martelli, Pierpaolo Boffi, Mario Martinelli

Published Apr 28, 2011• 50 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an apparatus for multiplexing and demultiplexing free-space beams carrying different values of orbital angular momentum (OAM), at a wavelength of 633 nm. We have considered nondiffracting Bessel beams of order from 0 to 3, produced by means of suitable binary-amplitude computer-generated holograms and carrying an OAM per photon directly proportional to the beam order. The effectiveness of the OAM division multiplexing technique has been experimentally verified by monitoring the output ports of a demultiplexing interferometer with rotated Dove prisms in the arms. This interferometer is capable of discriminating the even-order Bessel beams from the odd-order ones.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8978/13/6/064018

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We present an apparatus for multiplexing and demultiplexing free-space beams carrying different values of orbital angular momentum (OAM), at a wavelength of 633 nm. We have considered nondiffracting Bessel beams of order from 0 to 3, produced by means of suitable binary-amplitude computer-generated holograms and carrying an OAM per photon directly proportional to the beam order. The effectiveness of the OAM division multiplexing technique has been experimentally verified by monitoring the output ports of a demultiplexing interferometer with rotated Dove prisms in the arms. This interferometer is capable of discriminating the even-order Bessel beams from the odd-order ones.
The nondiffracting higher-order Bessel beams carry the orbital angular momentum(OAM). During free propagation,their transverse intensity profile remains nearly invariant in a range.The beam comprises the topological charge l helical phasefronts and carries an orbital angular momentum of lh per photon.The angular momentum number carried by the photon in each eigenmode is represented by l, and the eigenstates |l〉can generate multidimensional quantum entangled states.A method of optical communication is presented that encodes information in two orthogonal orbital angular momentum states based on higher-order Bessel beams.Each photon carries OAM states of information,which can increase the key generation rate of the protocol,and offer a quantum solution for increase of the optical communication distance.
Abstract With the recent exponential developments of high-speed optical communications, traditional optical communications systems are showing their limitations. Over the past decade, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) is attracting more and more research attention, due to its orthogonality between two OAM states, which supplies new degrees of freedom and can be used in fiber or free-space optical communication systems for increasing the communication capacity. Here, we propose a novel OAM de/multiplexing method based on the combination of the March–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) implanted pair of dove prisms (DP) (MZI-DP) and a complex phase gratings (CPG), which can be used to sort and detect multiple OAM modes simultaneously. The fundamental Gaussian beam illuminates the spatial light modulator (SLM) to produce the multiplexed Laguerre–Gaussian modes with different topological charges. The MZI-DP system can sort different OAM modes into odd and even values of topological charges. And then, the designed CPGs perform the concrete measurements of different sorted OAM modes. The propagating directions of different modes are arbitrarily steered by two CPGs in two MZI-DP outputting planes. With this designed system, we can simultaneously sort the OAM modes into odd and even values of topological charges, as well as performing the measurement of a large number of OAM modes without any overlapping between adjacent modes. Furthermore, we have simultaneously demultiplexed 50 different OAM modes and controlled their propagation directions successfully, which shows high-recognition rates and superior performances.
We propose an orbital angular momentum (OAM) quantum holography scheme based on multi-mode Bessel-Gaussian (MBG) beams. Entangled photon pairs are generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) process, and the axis prism parameters and topological charges of the idler photons are used for encoding to construct Bessel-Gaussian quantum selective holograms; then, the corresponding mode parameters carried by the signal photons are used for correlated decoding and information reconstruction. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results show that this scheme can effectively realize OAM quantum holography based on Bessel-Gaussian modes encoding. Compared with traditional single OAM encoding methods, our scheme introduce an additional mode degrees of freedom, which can enhance multiplexing dimension and encoding capacity; at the same time, relying on the non-classical correlation characteristics of entangled photons, quantum holography has a potential advantages in noise-resistance performance.
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons has both classical and quantum applications due to its feature of optical vortex and infinite dimension. OAM discrimination is one of the basic problems, which has been paid much attention recently. Here we present an interferometer method in which a Sagnac interferometer with a Dove prism is placed on each arm to separate the different OAM of photons into different output ports, namely, OAM sorters. We demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of OAM sorter by dividing different OAM states into different output ports. Using the cascade interferometers, we also sort the superposition state successfully. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Compared with other methods, this method is more stable and can be used to separate superposition states into single photon levels. Furthermore, this method can also be used to couple OAM modes with spatial modes, a very important method for manipulating OAM states. It is a useful method and has potential applications in high-capacity optical communication, quantum entanglement, quantum cryptography, quantum computation and quantum information.
We study theoretically the orbital angular momentum (OAM) density in arbitrary scalar optical fields, and outline a simple approach using only a spatial light modulator to measure this density. We demonstrate the theory in the laboratory by creating superpositions of non-diffracting Bessel beams with digital holograms, and find that the OAM distribution in the superposition field matches the predicted values. Knowledge of the OAM distribution has relevance in optical trapping and tweezing, and quantum information processing.
Recently,the free space optical communication system based on orbital angular momentum( OAM) states multiplexing has become one of the hot topics in optical communications and quantum optics,because OAM states are new dimensional information carriers. An efficient orbital-angular-momentum-multiplexed free-space optical communication scheme is proposed,where the efficient orbital angular momentum states separation method is adopted. With this OAM separation method,different orbital angular momentum states can be obtained simultaneously from the superposition OAM state beam,which greatly saves time and the expensive devices for demodulating the information from the information-carrying OAM states. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reduce time and the number of the devices at the receiver for the information retrieving. The bit error rate of the system can be less than 10- 4when the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is greater than 23 dB. Therefore,this OAMmultiplexed free-space optical communications scheme is proved to be feasible.