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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Quantum beats and localization of two atoms in the subwavelength regime

Nelly Ciobanu, N. A. Enaki, Miguel Orszag

Published Jul 10, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The resonance fluorescence emitted by two three-level atoms dressed in a strong laser field is studied. A stark dynamics shift based on photon statistics is discussed. The appearance of coherent Rabi oscillations (quantum beats) of the atoms located in the non-symmetric positions of the anti-nodes and the modification of the quantum correlations at the Stokes and anti-Stokes cooperative emission are described. For some positions of the atoms, we observed the violation of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, finding antibunching in the scattered light. We present a scheme to control the position of atoms dressed with the standing field via the resonance fluorescence. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/46/15/155501

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The resonance fluorescence emitted by two three-level atoms dressed in a strong laser field is studied. A stark dynamics shift based on photon statistics is discussed. The appearance of coherent Rabi oscillations (quantum beats) of the atoms located in the non-symmetric positions of the anti-nodes and the modification of the quantum correlations at the Stokes and anti-Stokes cooperative emission are described. For some positions of the atoms, we observed the violation of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, finding antibunching in the scattered light. We present a scheme to control the position of atoms dressed with the standing field via the resonance fluorescence. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
The possibility of manipulating the position of atoms dressed in the standing field of the cavity, based on the resonance fluorescence emission, is discussed. Stark dynamics modification and the strong coupling between two undistinguishable radiators situated in non-symmetric positions of the anti-nodes are investigated. The fluorescent spectrum is shown versus the second atom localization and external field parameters. We describe the conditions in which the Rabi frequencies of atoms change their correlations and cooperative emission.
The influence of the standing wave amplitude on the resonance fluorescence of a three-level system of radiators is discussed. Great attention is devoted to the peculiarities of dressed states in the standing wave and the exchange integrals between two atoms situated in the anti-nodes or the nodes. The correlation functions of emitted photons at two dressed frequencies were obtained. It is shown that in the case when the distance between two atoms is smaller than the wavelength of the field, the emitted photons are strongly correlated. As was observed, for large values of laser field intensity, the control of spontaneous emission is possible at two frequencies as well as the atom–atom interaction process. The dependence of the fluorescent light spectrum as a function of the position of two atoms dressed in the standing wave is investigated.
The phenomenon of resonance fluorescence provides an interesting manifestation of the quantum theory of light and is a “real world” application of the material of the Chapters 8 and 9. In this process, a two-level atom is typically driven by a resonant continuous-wave laser field and the spectral and quantum statistical properties of the fluorescent light emitted by the atom are measured. Experimentally this can be achieved by scattering a laser off a collimated atomic beam such that the directions of the laser beam, atomic beam, and detector axis are mutually perpendicular as shown in Fig. 10.1. If the driving field is monochromatic, then at low excitation intensity the atom absorbs a photon at the excitation frequency and reemits it at the same frequency as a consequence of conservation of energy. The spectral width of the fluorescent light is therefore very narrow. The situation, however, is considerably more complicated when the excitation intensity increases and the Rabi frequency associated with the driving field becomes comparable to, or larger than, the atomic linewidth. At such intensity levels, the Rabi oscillations show up as a modulation of the quantum dipole moment and sidebands start emerging in the spectrum of the emitted radiation. This so-called dynamic Stark splitting is an interesting feature of the atom–field interaction. In addition to that, the fluorescent light exhibits certain nonclassical properties including photon antibunching and squeezing. In this chapter, we develop a theory of resonance fluorescence to explain these phenomena.