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Physical Review A

Enhancing photovoltaic power by Fano-induced coherence

Anatoly A. Svidzinsky, Konstantin E. Dorfman, Marlan O. Scully

Published Nov 10, 2011• 73 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that coherence induced by Fano interference can enhance power generated by a photovoltaic device as compared to the same system with no coherence. No additional external energy source is necessary to create such induced coherence. In the present model, coherence increases the flow of electrons through the load, which reduces radiative recombination and enhances cell power.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.053818

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We show that coherence induced by Fano interference can enhance power generated by a photovoltaic device as compared to the same system with no coherence. No additional external energy source is necessary to create such induced coherence. In the present model, coherence increases the flow of electrons through the load, which reduces radiative recombination and enhances cell power.
We show that photocell power can be substantially enhanced by quantum coherence in the model proposed by [M. O. Scully Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 207701 (2010)]. Here coherence is induced by an external microwave drive. We show that although such coherence requires an extra energy input, the amount of extra input power can be much smaller than produced enhancement of the photovoltaic power. We demonstrate that for certain parameters power enhancement is governed by quantum coherence and is not just a result of population transfer due to the driving field. This corroborates and extends the earlier work of Scully.
Quantum coherence offers potential for energy conversion technologies. It influences light absorption and emission, affecting energy conversion limits and efficiency. As a result, quantum coherence is being harnessed to boost performance in quantum heat engines, photocells, and photosynthetic-inspired platforms. Of particular interest in this context is the generation of Fano coherences, i.e., the formation of quantum coherences due to the interaction with the continuum of modes characterizing an incoherent process. We aim to formalize mathematically the possibility of achieving steady-state Fano coherence in a V-type three-level quantum system using polarized incoherent radiation, without requiring the energy difference between the excited levels to tend to zero. We perform this analysis by deriving the Bloch-Redfield equation from first-principles by quantizing the incoherent radiation. The resulting reduced dynamics of the system are analysed, so as to determine the lifetime of Fano coherence and identify the conditions under which it becomes stationary. We characterise distinct dynamical regimes, ranging from weak to strong pumping, in which steady-state Fano coherence emerges, and we quantitatively determine its magnitude. For each regime, we analyse the generation of Fano coherence as a function of both the intensity of the incoherent pumping and the energy splitting between the excited levels. We also assess how obtaining Fano coherence is modified by symmetric or asymmetric decay rates. These findings indicate that a three-level quantum system driven by polarized incoherent light can act as a robust resource for coherence-assisted energy conversion and storage. Finally, we discuss the experimental challenges associated with the implementation of the proposed model using an ensemble of Rubidium atoms.
In this work we report a quantum interference mediated control of the resonance profiles in a generic three-level system and investigate its effect on key quantum interference (QI) phenomena. Namely in a three level configuration with doublets in the ground or excited states, we show control over enhancement and suppression of the emission (absorption) profiles. This is achieved by manipulation of the strength of QI and the energy spacing of the doublets. We analyze the application of such QI induced control of the resonance profile in photo-detection, and photovoltaics in agreement with the results of Scully [M.O.Scully, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 207701 (2010)] and disagreement with Kirk [A.P.Kirk, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 048703 (2011)].
The Fano effect arising from the interference between two dissipation channels of the radiation continuum enables tuning of the photon statistics. Understanding the role of the Fano effect and exploiting it to achieve strong photon correlations are of both fundamental and applied significance. We present an analytical description of Fano-enhanced photon correlations based on cavity quantum electrodynamics to show that the Fano effect in atom-cavity systems can improve the degree of antibunching by over four orders of magnitude. The enhancement factors and the optimal conditions are explicitly given, and found to relate to the Fano parameter q. Remarkably, the Fano enhancement manifests robustness against the decoherence processes and can survive in the weak coupling regime. We expect our work to provide insight to tuning the photon statistics through the Fano effect, which offers a new, to the best of our knowledge, route to enhance the photon correlations, as well as the possibility of generating nonclassical light in a wider diversity of systems without the need of a strong light-matter interaction.