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physica status solidi (a)

Reverse Photon Echo as a Method of Investigation of Resonant Medium Parameters

В. А. Зуйков, В. В. Самарцев

Published Oct 16, 1982• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The possibilities of the reverse photon echo for obtaining information about the relaxation times and the electrical dipole momentum of the resonant transition are investigated experimentally in ruby (resonant transition 4A2–2E(Ē)). A new method based on the many-pulse excitation of the resonant system by a single travelling wave and by a sequence of standing waves, is proposed. As a result, this system irradiates a series of reverse echo signals, from the decay of their intensities it is possible to define the relaxation times in a single series. These relaxation times are measured at different values of the permanent magnetic field. The different apparatus solutions of these experimental problems are discussed.

DOI
10.1002/pssa.2210730242

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Laser Physics Letters•Apr 4, 2007•19 citations
The possibilities of the reverse photon echo for obtaining information about the relaxation times and the electrical dipole momentum of the resonant transition are investigated experimentally in ruby (resonant transition 4A2–2E(Ē)). A new method based on the many-pulse excitation of the resonant system by a single travelling wave and by a sequence of standing waves, is proposed. As a result, this system irradiates a series of reverse echo signals, from the decay of their intensities it is possible to define the relaxation times in a single series. These relaxation times are measured at different values of the permanent magnetic field. The different apparatus solutions of these experimental problems are discussed.
Experiments are described in which a dilute ruby crystal is found to emit spontaneously a short pulse of light, the photon echo, at a time $\ensuremath{\approx}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$ after irradiation by two successive ruby-laser pulses separated by ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$. The phenomenon is explained in terms of a macroscopic oscillating electric dipole moment, which is momentarily reformed at the time the photon echo is observed. The analysis predicts the echo polarization as well as the propagation direction relative to the input pulses. A necessary condition for obtaining echoes in ruby is the application of a moderate magnetic field close to the optic axis of the crystal, and a simple model based on Cr3+{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}Cr3+-Al interactions is offered to account for this magnetic-field behavior. The relaxation time of the echo is found to exceed 250 nsec at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K but to be less than 70 nsec at 14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and is thought to be due to phonon-induced transitions in the excited 2E(E‾)^{2}E(\overline{E})2E(E) level. Multiple echo formation is also described.
The signals of photon echo (PE) are investigated firstly in a ruby crystal doped only by the 53 Cr isotope ions in a concentration of 0.03 – 0,05 wt%. The optical experiments were performed in backward regime at the wavelength of 693.4 nm both with a low magnetic field (200 G) and without it. Since the 53 Cr isotope ions have hyperfine structure of levels the special attention was paid to the study of the stimulated photon echo and primarily to the investigation of its decay kinetics. It is established that this decay has a form which is typical to the signals of long-lived PE. But in contrast to the long-lived PE the decay time in our case is less than the lifetime of the excited 2E(Ē) state. The signals of primary photon echo and stimulated photon echo at a low longitudinal magnetic field and their decay curves are investigated. We observed the beats of temporal shape of these signals with a period of several tens of nanoseconds. Theoretical analysis shows that they are due to the hyperfine interaction of valence electrons of 53 Cr isotope ions with their own nuclei. The obtained decay curves allow us to estimate the phase relaxation time at the presence of a magnetic field. It proves to be equal to 98 ns. The spectrum of stimulated photon echo signal in the doped ruby exposed to a magnetic field is measured.
A theoretical study is made of the photon echo which appears in a rarefied gaseous medium as a result of successive action of traveling and standing wave pulses, polarized linearly at an angle ψ. This photon echo represents a superposition of two opposite traveling waves, one of which has the polarization of a standing wave pulse, the other has a linear polarization which depends on ψ and on the parameters of a resonant atomic transition. Similar polarization features are exhibited also by coherent radiation from a resonant medium subjected to steady-state fields of the traveling and standing waves separated by some distance in space. The possibility of obtaining a characteristic narrow resonance is discussed.
The possibility of using incoherent photon echo in spectroscopy of optically dense impurity media is considered. A theoretical approach to description of this phenomenon is presented. The experimental data on incoherent photon echo in ruby at liquid-helium temperature, with transport of an excitation pulse through a fiber, are reported. The spectral dependence of the echo intensity is studied. The decay curve for an incoherent echo signal is investigated, and the phase relaxation time is found to be 98 ns.
Abstract The conditions and peculiarities of the photon echo forming in monocrystals of LiAl5O8:Cr3+ and CaWO4: Nd3+ are experimentally investigated. The photon echo phenomenon for LiAl5O8:Cr3+ crystals is firstly discovered. A value for the transversal nonreversible relaxation time T2 of about 37 ns is found from the experimental dependence of the echo intensity on the time between the pulses. The dependence of the photon echo intensity on a stationary magnetic field is also investigated. When observing the photon echo in CaWO4:Nd3+, the resonance conditions are achieved with the help of a dye laser. A theory of the optical coherent response is developed for both the cases of Δt > T and of Δt < T (Δt pulse duration, T time of the transverse reversible relaxation). Satisfactory agreement of the experimental and theoretical results is found.