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Physical Review A

Coherent optical spectroscopy of a single quantum dot using photon counting statistics

Yonggang Peng, Yujun Zheng

Published Oct 23, 2009• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the theory of coherent optical spectroscopy for single quantum dot under the pump-probe driving. We generally study the line shapes, Mandel's $Q$ parameters, and few photon emission probabilities of single quantum dot system. The probe signals demonstrate the Autler-Townes splitting effect, and the first moment of our results confirms recent experimental results [Xu et al., Science 317, 929 (2007)]. We show that the pump and probe fields modify the emission photon statistical properties and control emission photon properties.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.043831

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We present the theory of coherent optical spectroscopy for single quantum dot under the pump-probe driving. We generally study the line shapes, Mandel's QQQ parameters, and few photon emission probabilities of single quantum dot system. The probe signals demonstrate the Autler-Townes splitting effect, and the first moment of our results confirms recent experimental results [Xu et al., Science 317, 929 (2007)]. We show that the pump and probe fields modify the emission photon statistical properties and control emission photon properties.
Quantum dots are typically formed from large groupings of atoms and thus may be expected to have appreciable many-body behavior under intense optical excitation. Nonetheless, they are known to exhibit discrete energy levels due to quantum confinement effects. We show that, like single-atom or single-molecule two- and three-level quantum systems, single semiconductor quantum dots can also exhibit interference phenomena when driven simultaneously by two optical fields. Probe absorption spectra are obtained that exhibit Autler-Townes splitting when the optical fields drive coupled transitions and complex Mollow-related structure, including gain without population inversion, when they drive the same transition. Our results open the way for the demonstration of numerous quantum level-based applications, such as quantum dot lasers, optical modulators, and quantum logic devices.
Summary form only given. The optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots have been studied intensively in the past few years. Recently the experiment has demonstrated not only the ability to probe a single QD but also how to coherently control the exciton in a single QD on a time scale that is short compared with the decoherence time. We had proposed a scheme to use the excitons in QD as qubits and to use strong ultra-fast laser pulses to manipulate the qubits via Rabi flopping. As a result a full understanding of the multi-exciton coherent nonlinear spectroscopy with strong pump field is needed. In this work we present a non-perturbative calculation of the nonlinear CW pump-probe spectra.
In this paper, we studied emission photons statistical properties of the V type three level system driven by a strong pump field and a weak probe filed using the generating function approach. The results demonstrate that the lineshape shows Autler-Townes splitting phenomenon for the case of electric dipole moments orthogonal. The lineshape, however, shows a coherent population trapping like phenomenon for the case of electric dipole moments parallel. We can control the emission photons of the system through modifying the frequency of probe field.
Narrow line-widths and the possibility of enhanced spontaneous emission via coupling to microcavities make semiconductor quantum dots ideal for harnessing coherent quantum phenomena at the single photon level. So far, however, all approaches have relied on incoherent pumping, which limits the desirable properties of the emission. In contrast, coherent excitation was recognized to be necessary for providing both improved photon indistinguishability and high efficiency, and offers the quantum control capabilities required for basic qubit manipulations. Here we achieve, for the first time, resonant and coherent excitation of a quantum dot with simultaneous collection of the non-classical photon emission. Second-order correlation measurements show the unique signature of a coherently-driven two-level quantum emitter: the photon statistics become oscillatory at high driving fields, reflecting the coherent evolution of the excitonic ground state of the quantum dot.
A single Mn atom in an InGaAs epitaxial quantum dot provides an effective spin JJJ=1, which couples optically to excitonic states, offering an original spin-based platform for applications in quantum photonics. The authors investigate here the coherence of this spin by using one- and two-laser resonant optical spectroscopy in continuous wave regime to evidence and probe the Autler-Townes splitting generated at high excitation power. From the careful analysis of these data with a model based on optical Bloch equations, the authors can infer the pure dephasing rate of the addressed spin states.