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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Data bit distortion induced by slow light in optical communication systems

Alan Eli Willner, Lin Zhang, Ting Luo, Changyuan Yu, Wen Zhang, Yan Wang

Published Feb 9, 2006• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Slow-light components will degrade the data bits in an optical communication system due to narrow-band amplitude and phase responses. A bit-pattern dependence is produced in the output data stream. These effects are observed in simulation as well as in an experiment based on slow light induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an optical fiber. We define figure of merit involving pulse delay and data degradation to optimize slow-light components. It is demonstrated experimentally and numerically that the pattern dependence can be reduced by detuning the slow-light devices.

DOI
10.1117/12.660168

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Slow-light components will degrade the data bits in an optical communication system due to narrow-band amplitude and phase responses. A bit-pattern dependence is produced in the output data stream. These effects are observed in simulation as well as in an experiment based on slow light induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an optical fiber. We define figure of merit involving pulse delay and data degradation to optimize slow-light components. It is demonstrated experimentally and numerically that the pattern dependence can be reduced by detuning the slow-light devices.
Slow light has been proposed as a potential solution to all-optically tunable delay line. However, a slow-light element may degrade data quality in an optical communication system while decreasing group velocity of optical pulses. In this paper, pattern dependence of signal distortion is identified as a main reason for data degradation, which is caused by narrow-band amplitude and phase responses of the slow-light elements. We define figure of merit involving pulse delay and data degradation to optimize slow-light devices. It is shown that the pattern dependence can be reduced by detuning slow-light devices away from the signal carrier frequency, which allows using narrow-band slow-light techniques to increase normalized delay up to 0.8, withQQQimprovement of 2 dB.
Slow light due to stimulated Brillouin scattering in fibers is a promising technique to realize all-optical data storage and synchronization. For delaying high-speed data, we demonstrate an approach to solve the problem of narrowband Brillouin gain by phase-modulating the Brillouin pump. The bit rate of the phase-modulating signal determines the Brillouin gain bandwidth. A 1.25-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero pseudorandom binary sequence data is delayed by 520 ps with a phase-modulated pump operating at 2.5-Gb/s bit rate. We have also observed the pattern-dependent delay and distortion of the data caused by the filtering characteristics of Brillouin amplification, and we have suppressed the distortion by detuning the carrier of the signal away from the Brillouin gain peak
Different Slow-light systems have been discussed and developed as a powerful tool to reduce the group velocity of optical signals during the last years. It has enjoyed much recent interest because of the potential system applications in optical telecommunication and information systems. Especially the nonlinear effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has become important for fiber based Slow-light systems. But, the SBS also has two challenges. First, the maximum time delay is limited due to the saturation of the Brillouin amplification process and second, the delay of the pulses is accompanied by pulse distortions (pulse shape broadening). For these aspects the shape of the Brillouin spectrum is of special interest. In this article a system is presented which allows the optimisation of the Brillouin spectrum. Simulations and first measurements show how the time delay can be enhanced with a simultaneous reduction of the pulse distortions.
Slow- and Fast-Light has been investigated during the last years as a powerful tool to reduce and increase the group velocity of light pulses by light. It has enjoyed much recent interest because of the practical applications for telecommunication and information systems. Among these are optical signal processing, radio frequency-photonics, nonlinear optics and time domain spectroscopy. Furthermore, it can be seen as a key technology for optical delay lines, buffers, equalizers and synchronizers in packet switched networks. For a realization, there are different methods and material systems possible. Among them the nonlinear effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is of special interest. This article gives an overview about the fundamentals and some experimental results of the Slow- and Fast-Light effect based on the SBS in optical fibers.
The manipulation of the group velocity of optical signals (slow and fast light) has many possible applications in telecommunications, sensing, nonlinear optics, and so on. The exploitation of the effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is of special interest for the alteration of the group velocity in optical fibers, since it just requires standard telecom equipment and low-to-moderate optical power. However, each delay in one single, low-gain SBS-based slow-light system is accompanied by a pulse broadening. This is a result of the inherent Kramers–Kronig relations among the gain, the phase change, and the accompanied group velocity. For an ideal flat gain, the phase change is nonideal, and for an ideal phase change the gain curve leads to a broadening. Furthermore, if the gain bandwidth is adapted to the signal by broadening, the delay will be reduced. Thus the signal broadening can be reduced by several methods for one single low-gain slow-light system, but it cannot be zero. Here, we will show how a zero-broadening SBS-based slow light can be achieved with several methods. The basic idea is a reshaping of the original pulse in a second stage by saturation of the SBS system, or by the superposition of two gains. As will be shown, all of these systems show an almost ideal overall gain and phase function over the bandwidth of the pulses. Thus, SBS-based slow light with a delay bandwidth product of 1 bit and zero distortion is possible.