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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Optical Collimation of Atomic Beam

S. Hayashi, H. Murai, M. Tachikawa

Published Jun 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Laser radiation propagating through a hollow-core optical fiber exerts a central force on atoms and transports them through the fiber. This atom guide works as an atomic beam collimator that can continuously control the velocity and spatial distributions of the ejecting atoms via modulation of the laser parameters
DOI
10.1109/cpem.2004.305292

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We use evanescent laser light to guide atoms through hollow-core optical fibers. The light, detuned to the blue side of rubidium's D2{D}_{2}D2​ resonance lines, is launched into the glass region of a hollow capillary fiber and guided through the fiber by total internal reflection from the glass walls. Atoms interacting with the evanescent component of the field are repelled from the wall and guided through the fiber hollow. A second laser tuned to the red side of resonance is used to initially inject the atoms into the evanescent guide. An optical intensity threshold for guiding is observed as the evanescent-field-induced dipole forces exceed the van der Waals forces.
Laser radiation propagating through a hollow-core fiber exerts a central force on atoms toward the beam axis. Motion of Cs atoms guided through a glass capillary by the optical gradient force is experimentally investigated by the parametric excitation method, in which periodic modulation of the potential depth resonantly enhances atomic oscillations around the fiber axis. Broadband structure of the observed excitation spectrum reflects an amplitude dependence of the characteristic frequency of oscillation in the nonlinear potential. Numerical analysis predicts that transverse atomic motion becomes chaotic when the optical potential depth is periodically modulated.
Laser-cooled atoms from a low-velocity atomic source are guided in a hollow-core optical fiber using the evanescent-wave dipole force from blue-detuned laser light launched into the glass region of the fiber. The transverse velocity of the guided atoms corresponds to a temperature of $50 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}.$ We achieve a maximum flux through a 23.5-cm-long fiber of 590 000 atoms/second with a laser power of 55 mWatts at a detuning of 6 GHz. With larger detunings of 40 GHz, spontaneous emission from the atoms inside the fiber can be suppressed and the atom's internal-state population is preserved. We identify two major loss mechanisms for the guiding process and discuss possible solutions.