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Journal of Applied Spectroscopy

Mechanism of electron-level population in erbium ions on excitation in the 1.5-?m region

T. M. Kozhan, В. В. Кузнецова, И. И. Сергеев, В. С. Хоменко

Published Aug 1, 1983• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf00660838

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In this paper, I will show that excited-impurity quasiparticles may play an essential role for the amplification of radiation in an erbium-doped glass fiber amplifier. A quasiparticle consists of an excited state of an erbium ion interacting with other erbium ions and with the thermal bath via phonon-assisted energy transfer processes. The quasiparticles populate energy levels of a quasiband. Fermi’s statistics determines the average occupation numbers of the levels. The quasiparticle model leads to an analytical expression for the gain coefficient of an erbium-doped glass fiber amplifier, or generally, of a fiber amplifier or fiber laser.
Long-lived sub-levels of the electronic ground-state manifold of rare-earth ions in crystals can be used as atomic population reservoirs for photon echo-based quantum memories. We measure the dynamics of the Zeeman sub-levels of erbium ions that are doped into a lithium niobate waveguide, finding population lifetimes at cryogenic temperatures down to 0.7 K as long as seconds. Then, using these levels, we prepare and characterize atomic frequency combs (AFCs), which can serve as a memory for quantum light at 1532 nm wavelength. The results allow predicting a 0.1% memory efficiency, limited mainly by unwanted background absorption that we believe to be caused by excitation-induced erbium spin flips and frequency shifting due to two-level systems or non-equilibrium phonons. Hence, while it should be possible to create an AFC-based quantum memory in E r 3 + : T i 4 + : L i N b O 3 , improved crystal growth together with optimized AFC preparation will be required to make it suitable for applications in quantum communication.