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Optical Materials

A simple method to measure the lifetime of excited levels of rare earth ions: application to erbium ions in fluorophosphate glasses

M. Brunel, Marc Vallet, Fabien Bretenaker, A. Le Floch, Jean‐Luc Adam, Nathalie Duhamel-Henry, J.Y. Allain

Published Mar 1, 1996• 17 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0925-3467(95)00060-7

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Physical Review Letters•Feb 16, 1998•23 citations
Long-lived population storage in optically pumped levels of rare-earth ions doped into solids, referred to as persistent spectral hole burning, is of significant fundamental and technological interest. However, the demonstration of deep and persistent holes in rare-earth ion doped amorphous hosts, e.g., glasses, has remained an open challenge for many decades---a fact that motivates our work towards a better understanding of the interaction between impurities and vibrational modes in glasses. Here we report the observation and detailed characterization of such holes in an erbium-doped silica glass fiber cooled to below 1 K. We demonstrate population storage in electronic Zeeman sublevels of the erbium ground state with lifetimes up to 30 seconds and 80% spin polarization. In addition to its fundamental aspect, our investigation reveals a potential technological application of rare-earth ion doped amorphous materials, including at telecommunication wavelength.
In this paper, we present a low-temperature study of rare earth doped glasses, which are important for creating compact, efficient gain media. We resolved effective Stark components of erbium doped glasses by analyzing their absorption cross sections at T=293K and T=110K. Using these Stark energy levels and the McCumber theory, we calculated the radiative lifetime of the I/-I/ transition in erbium. Our calculated lifetime agrees with the measured lifetime for this transition better than previously accepted methods.
Excited-state absorption spectra of erbium and thulium doped gallium lanthanum sulfide glasses reveal transitions whose final 4f4f4f states do not appear in the ground state absorption spectra due to resonance with the fundamental absorption of the glass host. The results give direct evidence for the model of isolated rare-earth ions with highly shielded 4f4f4f levels showing no noticeable interaction with the host material despite resonance. Only the energy splitting of the 4f4f4f levels is relevant for energy transfer processes between rare-earth ions and the host material, whereas the absolute energetic position is unimportant.