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Physical Review A

Generation of a frequency comb of squeezing in an optical parametric oscillator

A. E. Dunlop, Elanor H. Huntington, C. C. Harb, Timothy C. Ralph

Published Jan 26, 2006• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The multimode operation of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating below threshold is calculated. We predict that squeezing can be generated in a comb that is limited only by the phase matching bandwidth of the OPO. Effects of technical noise on the squeezing spectrum are investigated. It is shown that maximal squeezing can be obtained at high frequency even in the presence of seed laser noise and cavity length fluctuations. Furthermore the spectrum obtained by detuning the laser frequency off OPO cavity resonance is calculated.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.73.013817

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The multimode operation of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating below threshold is calculated. We predict that squeezing can be generated in a comb that is limited only by the phase matching bandwidth of the OPO. Effects of technical noise on the squeezing spectrum are investigated. It is shown that maximal squeezing can be obtained at high frequency even in the presence of seed laser noise and cavity length fluctuations. Furthermore the spectrum obtained by detuning the laser frequency off OPO cavity resonance is calculated.
Multimode nonclassical states of light are an essential resource in quantum computation with continuous variables [1]. They can be generated either by mixing different squeezed light sources using linear optical operations [2], or directly in a multimode optical device [3, 4]. Synchronously Pumped Optical Parametric Oscillators (SPOPO) — which correspond to an OPO pumped by a train of ultrashort pulses that are synchronized with the cavity round-trip time — have been theoretically shown to be promising devices for the generation of multimode nonclassical frequency combs, since a SPOPO is a sole optical cavity acting as an assembly of independent squeezers in a particular basis called the supermodes basis [5]. The supermodes are optical frequency combs with specific spectrum and phase profiles that are determined by the length of the intracavity nonlinear crystal and the pulse shape of the pump.
We have developed a full multimode theory of a synchronously pumped type-I optical parametric oscillator. We calculate the output quantum fluctuations of the device and find that, in the degenerate case (coincident signal and idler set of frequencies), significant squeezing is obtained when one approaches threshold from below for a set of well-defined ``supermodes,'' or frequency combs, consisting of a coherent linear superposition of signal modes of different frequencies which are resonant in the cavity.
We have developed the full theory of a synchronously pumped type I optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO). We derive expressions for the oscillation threshold and the characteristics of the generated mode-locked signal beam. We calculate the output quantum fluctuations of the device, and find that, in the degenerate case (coincident signal and idler set of frequencies), perfect squeezing is obtained when one approaches threshold from below for a well defined "super-mode', or frequency comb, consisting of a coherent linear superposition of signal modes of different frequencies which are resonant in the cavity.
We demonstrate the generation of broadband continuous-wave optical squeezing from 280 Hz-100 kHz using a below-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The squeezed state phase was controlled using a noise locking technique. We show that low frequency noise sources, such as seed noise, pump noise, and detuning fluctuations, present in optical parametric amplifiers, have negligible effect on squeezing produced by a below-threshold OPO. This low frequency squeezing is ideal for improving the sensitivity of audio frequency measuring devices such as gravitational-wave detectors.
We perform a theoretical analysis of steady-state solutions and quantum noise in a below-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating as an amplifier with an input seed wave. Both the amplitude-squeezed and phase-squeezed states of the output field are considered. We take into account the intracavity nonlinear losses due to intracavity frequency doubling of the signal wave and the quantum fluctuations of the seed and pump waves. Unlike the preceding theoretical studies of the problem, we show that squeezing in bright beams produced by the OPO depends on their intensity. For the amplitude-squeezed state, squeezing strongly degrades with increasing output intensity. In contrast, one can obtain good squeezing for phase-squeezed beams of high output intensity.