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Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics

Characteristics of bright-squeezed light produced in a below-threshold optical parametric oscillator

E G Lariontsev, I I Zolotoverkh

Published Jan 8, 2002• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We perform a theoretical analysis of steady-state solutions and quantum noise in a below-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating as an amplifier with an input seed wave. Both the amplitude-squeezed and phase-squeezed states of the output field are considered. We take into account the intracavity nonlinear losses due to intracavity frequency doubling of the signal wave and the quantum fluctuations of the seed and pump waves. Unlike the preceding theoretical studies of the problem, we show that squeezing in bright beams produced by the OPO depends on their intensity. For the amplitude-squeezed state, squeezing strongly degrades with increasing output intensity. In contrast, one can obtain good squeezing for phase-squeezed beams of high output intensity.

DOI
10.1088/1464-4266/4/1/302

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We perform a theoretical analysis of steady-state solutions and quantum noise in a below-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating as an amplifier with an input seed wave. Both the amplitude-squeezed and phase-squeezed states of the output field are considered. We take into account the intracavity nonlinear losses due to intracavity frequency doubling of the signal wave and the quantum fluctuations of the seed and pump waves. Unlike the preceding theoretical studies of the problem, we show that squeezing in bright beams produced by the OPO depends on their intensity. For the amplitude-squeezed state, squeezing strongly degrades with increasing output intensity. In contrast, one can obtain good squeezing for phase-squeezed beams of high output intensity.
We consider here the problem of quantum noise in light produced by an optical parametric oscillator operating below threshold inside a single-sided cavity. By employing the correct boundary conditions on quantum fields at the output mirror, a procedure that is valid for arbitrary mirror transmission, we derive exact expressions for quantum-noise reduction for arbitrary pump phase and output-mirror coupling. We find that for a given output-mirror power reflectance R, squeezing of quantum noise in the intracavity field increases to a final fractional value equal to R/(1+R) as the pump intensity is increased and the oscillation threshold is approached. The output field, on the other hand, exhibits perfect squeezing of noise in one quadrature of its central Fourier component at threshold regardless of the output-mirror coupling. The present approach, which is based on boundary conditions, is quite general and applicable to any matter-field interaction problem inside a cavity.
We have carried out a linearized quantum analysis of the steady-state operation of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) without cavity detunings; our analysis emphasizes the effects of pump quantum noise and pump excess noise. We show that pump excess noise reduces the observable signal/idler intensity correlation at low frequencies only in the presence of a cavity-loss mismatch between these subharmonic waves. This effect is so strong that the combination of pump excess noise and cavity-loss mismatch explains the rapid low-frequency noise increase well above the shot-noise level that has been seen in recent signal/idler correlation measurements. Moreover, the critical dependence of intensity correlation on cavity-loss mismatch opens a new possibility for ultrasensitive intracavity absorption spectroscopy. Specifically, sinusoidal amplitude modulation of the OPO pump beam with lock-in amplification of the signal/idler photocurrent affords a sensitive probe of subharmonic cavity-loss mismatch. Although this robust measurement capability exploits the strong intracavity correlation between the signal and idler waves, it does not require that nonclassical correlation be externally observable, nor is it limited to near-threshold OPO operation.
We consider here the problem of quantum noise in light produced by an optical parametric oscillator operating below threshold inside a singlesided cavity. By employing the correct boundary conditions on quantum fields at the output mirror, a procedure that is valid for arbitrary mirror transmission, we derive exact expressions for quantum noise reduction for arbitrary pump phase and mirror out-coupling. We find that for a given out-coupling, squeezing of quantum noise in the intracavity field increases to a final value of 50%, as the pump intensity is increased and the oscillation threshold is approached. The output field on the other hand exhibits perfect squeezing of noise in one quadrature of its central Fourier component at threshold regardless of the mirror out-coupling. The present approach, which is based on boundary conditions, is quite general and applicable to any matter-field interaction problem inside a cavity. In fact, we have previously employed this approach in the calculation of the intrinsic linewidth of a laser with arbitrary out-coupling.1
We have analyzed the evolution of quantum operators in a three-wave mixing process by using the nonlinear polarization driven wave equations and linearization of the quantum operators. We have theoretically shown that a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier can generate amplitude-squeezed light when operated in the backconversion regime. Furthermore, a nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator, where only the signal wave is resonant, is proved to generate amplitude-squeezed light when the pump intensity is above the value at which 100% photon conversion efficiency is achieved. The calculated limit for amplitude-squeezing in this case is 3 d B.
We demonstrate the dependence of the squeezing and anti-squeezing factors on the seed beam power at different pump beam noise levels. The results indicate that a seed field injected into the optical parametric amplifier (OPA) dramatically degenerates the squeezing factor due to noise coupling between the pump and seed fields, even if both the pump and seed fields reach the shot noise limit. The squeezing and anti-squeezing factors are immune to the pump beam noise due to no noise coupling when the system operates for the generation of squeezed vacuum states. The squeezing factor degrades gradually as the pump beam intensity noise and seed beam power is increased. The influence of the two orthogonal quadrature variations is mutually independent of each other.