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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Near-infrared saturation spectroscopy of cesium molecules using a diode laser

Hui Chen, Hebin Li, Yuri V. Rostovtsev, M A Gubin, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Marlan O. Scully

Published Apr 1, 2006• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study sub-Doppler saturation resonances at cesium molecular transitions in the absorption band B1Πu ← X1∑g+ near 780 nm by using a commercial diode laser. The saturation power is measured as low as 5.7 mW with the laser beam diameter of 0.1 cm. Optical saturation is associated with the optical pumping of molecular ground-state levels. The long relaxation time of ground-state levels could attract interest to electromagnetically induced transparency and quantum state memory in the molecular gas. We propose to use the molecular transitions as references for doubled-frequency sources in the communication band around 1550 nm.

DOI
10.1364/josab.23.000723

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We study sub-Doppler saturation resonances at cesium molecular transitions in the absorption band B1Πu ← X1∑g+ near 780 nm by using a commercial diode laser. The saturation power is measured as low as 5.7 mW with the laser beam diameter of 0.1 cm. Optical saturation is associated with the optical pumping of molecular ground-state levels. The long relaxation time of ground-state levels could attract interest to electromagnetically induced transparency and quantum state memory in the molecular gas. We propose to use the molecular transitions as references for doubled-frequency sources in the communication band around 1550 nm.
The sub-Doppler absorption laser spectroscopy at 728 nm transition from the 5 D 5 / 2 state to the 6 F state of cesium with linewidth near 10 MHz is first experimentally performed with indirect pumping from the ground state 6 S 1 / 2 to the state 7 P 3 / 2 by a 455.5 nm diode laser. Using a 455.5 nm diode laser as an indirect pump laser, several excited states will be populated due to spontaneous decay from the 7 P state. We first implement the sub-Doppler absorption laser spectroscopy at 728 nm from the 5 D 5 / 2 state to the 6 F state when Cs atoms within thermal glass cell decay to the 5 D 5 / 2 state. Due to velocity transfer effect, the hyperfine structure of 5 D 5 / 2 shows a mixed and complicated pattern but very clear structure when the 455.5 nm pumping laser is counter-propagating (or co-propagating) with the 728 nm probing laser.
The paper is the review of methods, achievements, and possibilities of the recently elaborated and well tested high-resolution laser spectroscopy based on sub-Doppler absorption and polarization resonances (on centers of quantum transitions), which arise because of the optical pumping and specific transit relaxation of atoms (molecules) in a thin cell with a rarefied gas. Theoretical basis of this spectroscopy is presented. Experimental technique and results on the record of the sub-Doppler spectral structure of Cs and Rb atoms and on the frequency stabilization of diode lasers by given spectroscopy methods are discussed.
The spectra of cesium 6P3/2 - 8S1/2 excited-state transition have been obtained using double resonance optical-pumping (DROP) technique in a room-temperature vapor cell, and have shown a much better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with that using the traditional optical-optical double resonance (OODR) method. Furthermore, the line-width of DROP spectra is obviously narrowed by electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) effect in cesium 6S1/2 F=4 - 6P3/2 F'=5 - 8S1/2 F''=4 transitions. Finally, such DROP spectrum of 6P3/2 F'=5 - 8S1/2 F''=4 transition with a high SNR and a narrow line-width is applied into frequency stabilization of a 795 nm external-cavity diode laser, and the residual frequency fluctuation is ~ 600 kHz within 500 s.
This work continues a theoretical investigation of the capabilities of the well-known method based on using a monochromatic probe light beam in combination with optical pumping of atoms (molecules) of a rarefied-gas medium by a broadband radiation in a thin cell the diameter of which is much larger than its internal thickness. In contrast to calculations carried out in the previous publications on this method of spectroscopy, here, we consider the case of arbitrary values of pump intensity and thickness of a cylindrical gas cell. Thus, all the possible mechanisms and specificities of velocity selection of atoms in optically excited levels caused by transit-time relaxation of such atoms in gas cells of this kind are analyzed. Within the framework of this approach, sub-Doppler absorption resonances of the probe light beam corresponding to quantum transitions from the upper level excited by optical pumping are investigated. The obtained results can be used in high-resolution spectroscopy of atoms (molecules), as well as for laser-frequency stabilization to established narrow spectral resonances.