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Applied Physics Letters

Saturated absorption in NH3 demonstrated using a tuneable diode laser

D. E. Jennings

Published Sep 15, 1978• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Saturation of molecular transitions using a tuneable diode laser has been demonstrated for the first time using a standing-wave-cavity configuration with the laser beam focused at the sample. Observed saturation effects in NH3 transitions near 888 cm−1 include sub-Doppler (Lamb-dip) resonances at the line center.
DOI
10.1063/1.90436

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Results are given for a Stark-tuned double-resonance experiment, using a CO-laser pump and a diode-laser probe. The CO laser, operating on the 13-12 P(15) line at 1775.2588 cm(-1), is locked by Lamb-dip stabilization to one of the Stark components of the a(R)R(9, 9) nu(4) line of NH(3). The diode laser probes the aQ(9, 9) nu(2) line at 921.255 cm(-1), revealing a complex spectrum of sub-Doppler features, the narrowest of which are 5.3 +/- 0.3 MHz wide. As well as the resonances associated with population depletion of the common lower levels, we see line-narrowing effects that are due to two-quantum Raman-type processes and collision-induced resonances arising from state-changing collisions that preserve the molecular velocities. The zero-field a(R)R(9, 9) nu(4) line is established to be 264.1 +/- 5.0 MHz above the CO-laser line.
We study sub-Doppler saturation resonances at cesium molecular transitions in the absorption band B1Πu ← X1∑g+ near 780 nm by using a commercial diode laser. The saturation power is measured as low as 5.7 mW with the laser beam diameter of 0.1 cm. Optical saturation is associated with the optical pumping of molecular ground-state levels. The long relaxation time of ground-state levels could attract interest to electromagnetically induced transparency and quantum state memory in the molecular gas. We propose to use the molecular transitions as references for doubled-frequency sources in the communication band around 1550 nm.
Experiments using relatively inexpensive tunable diode lasers are used to study high-resolution absorption spectroscopy in alkali vapors. Direct absorption spectra for cesium and rubidium show adsorption profiles that are Doppler-broadened. A second experiment demonstrates saturated adsorption spectroscopy to remove Doppler broadening in atomic spectroscopy for rubidium atoms in a cell at room temperature. Lamb dips are seen in the Doppler-broadened profiles. Finally a third experiment is described which demonstrate Doppler-free two photon spectroscopy for rubidium vapour. All of these experiments were historical stepping stones toward the creation of a Bose–Einstein condensate.
Abstract Experiments using relatively inexpensive tunable diode lasers are used to study high-resolution absorption spectroscopy in alkali vapor. Direct absorption spectra for cesium and rubidium show adsorption profiles that are Doppler-broadened. A second experiment demonstrates saturated adsorption spectroscopy to remove Doppler broadening in atomic spectroscopy for rubidium atoms in a cell at room temperature. Lamb dips are seen in the Doppler-broadened profiles. Finally, a third experiment is described which demonstrates Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy for rubidium vapor. All of these experiments were historical stepping stones toward the creation of a Bose–Einstein condensate.
This chapter considers the radiation confined in a one dimensional cavity with two reflecting mirrors at the two ends of the cell of length. The moving atoms will interact with the two oppositely moving waves and the interaction is expected to lead to a hole by each wave depending on the detuning. Lamb dip or saturation absorption spectroscopy experiments on rubidium (Rb) are carried out with low power frequency tunable diode lasers. The laser frequency depends on laser temperature and laser current. The coarse tuning of the laser is provided by the temperature and current control. In the case of saturation absorption spectroscopy the laser radiation from the external cavity diode laser is split into two fractions by a beam splitter. The reflected part is sent to the Rb cell and constitutes the forward moving probe beam. The other fraction is transmitted through the beam splitter.