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Chinese Physics Letters

Enhancement of Anti-Stokes Line of Stimulated Four-Photon Mixing in an Er 3+ Doped Silica Fiber

Shupo Shen, YU Zhong-qiu

Published Aug 1, 1993• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

By using a pulsed dye Laser of nanosecond level as a pump source, we have investigated stimulated Raman scattering and stimulated four-photon mixing in Er 3+ doped silica fibers. The experimental results show that all lines, including the pump radiation line, are obviously broadened and the anti-Stokes lines of stimulated four-photon mixing are greatly enhanced, and that the enhancement effect is in dependent of the wavelength.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/10/8/009

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By using a pulsed dye Laser of nanosecond level as a pump source, we have investigated stimulated Raman scattering and stimulated four-photon mixing in Er 3+ doped silica fibers. The experimental results show that all lines, including the pump radiation line, are obviously broadened and the anti-Stokes lines of stimulated four-photon mixing are greatly enhanced, and that the enhancement effect is in dependent of the wavelength.
The mutual interactions of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated four-photon mixing (SFPM) in an Er 3+ -doped optical fiber have been studied with a tunable pulsed dye laser. Besides normal SRS and SFPM signals, we have observed some new spectral lines. Some of the new lines are attributed to three photon mixing (one from the pump, one from the first-order Stokes and one from SFPM) while the others are assigned to new SRS produced by one of the SFPM signals. The mechanisms of the generation of these new spectral lines are discussed.
Resonance-enhanced anti-stokes of stimulated four photon mixing is demonstrated for the first time in an Er3+ doped silica fiber under the excitation of a 1064 nm laser. The enhancement of 977 nm anti-stokes of stimulated four-photon mixing by the excited state 4I11/2 of Er3+ has been observed. After the fiber being prepared for efficient SHG, the spectra of stokes and anti-stokes stimulated four-photon mixing were measured again and found to have shifted 2 nm, respectively. We attribute this phenomenon to photo induced refractive-index changes in the fiber: one is caused by the short wavelength light absorptions of GeO, and the other is by the change of intensity-dependent Er3+ population in excited states.
Sources of photon pairs based on spontaneous four-wave mixing in silica fibers are generally considered limited by the spectrally broad spontaneous Raman scattering noise. I experimentally show that fluorescence from native or residual doping defects in silica fibers can become preponderant in situations where Raman scattering is normally eliminated, revealing a new, to the best of my knowledge, source of noise in silica-fiber-based sources of pairs of photons. I show that this noise depends on the fiber used, and that a new parameter must be carefully surveyed for the optimization of a fibered source of entangled pairs of photons.
The Raman effect is the inelastic scattering of photons by matter. When a monochromatic light beam (pump beam) propagates in an optical fibre, spon- taneous Raman scattering transfers some of the photons to new frequencies. The probability of a photon scattering to a particular frequency shift, depends on that frequency shift, forming a characteristic spectrum. The scattered photons may lose energy (Stokes) or gain energy (anti-Stokes). If the pump beam is linearly polarized, then the polarization of scattered photons may be the same (parallel scattering) or orthogonal (perpendicular scattering). If photons are already present at other frequencies then the probability of scattering to those frequencies is enhanced (stimulated scattering). In this thesis, the equations governing the Raman effect, both in bulk glass and single mode fibre, are restated. The probability of spontaneous scattering (parallel and perpendicular) in an optical fibre has been measured for frequency shifts between 4THz and 58THz. Particular attention has been given to those frequency shifts where the scattering is intrinsically weak. This has identified those frequency shifts where it might be possible to eliminate Raman noise from experiments designed to generate quantum states of light in optical fibres using four wave mixing. From the measured scattering probabilities, the Raman equations can be used to predict the scattering cross-section in bulk glass. The prediction is found to be in reasonable agreement with measurements of the bulk glass cross-section published by other authors. By increasing the pump power, the transition to stimulated scattering has been observed. In the case of Stokes scattering there is reasonable agreement between the Raman equations and experimental observations. In the case of anti-Stokes scattering, and in the limit of very high pump power, behaviour is observed which is not predicted by the Raman equations, indicating that other processes must be included to successfully describe such experiments.
The tuning Raman mixing effects in an optical fiber have been investigated in the frequency shift range from 656cm-1 to 1343cm-1. Many phenomena have been obser-ved experimentally, e.g., the intensity of coherent anti-Stokes Eaman scattering (CAES) is inversely proportional to that of the inverse Raman absorption (VRA), the energy distribution of SRS is influenced strongly by Raman mixing (RM). In addition to the-coherent Stokes Raman scattering (CSRS) and CARS radiations, the second order coherent Stokes Raman scattering (SOCSRS) and the second order anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SOCARS) radiations have also been observed. Finally, the experimental results are discussed.