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Chinese Physics Letters

Mutual Interactions of Stimulated Raman Scattering and Stimulated Four-Photon Mixing in an Er 3+ -Doped Fiber

YU Zhong-qiu, XU Yue-e, Liang Er-jun, Yongan Xu, Xinmin Li, Yuan Bin, Shupo Shen

Published Apr 1, 1997• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The mutual interactions of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated four-photon mixing (SFPM) in an Er 3+ -doped optical fiber have been studied with a tunable pulsed dye laser. Besides normal SRS and SFPM signals, we have observed some new spectral lines. Some of the new lines are attributed to three photon mixing (one from the pump, one from the first-order Stokes and one from SFPM) while the others are assigned to new SRS produced by one of the SFPM signals. The mechanisms of the generation of these new spectral lines are discussed.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/14/4/012

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The mutual interactions of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated four-photon mixing (SFPM) in an Er 3+ -doped optical fiber have been studied with a tunable pulsed dye laser. Besides normal SRS and SFPM signals, we have observed some new spectral lines. Some of the new lines are attributed to three photon mixing (one from the pump, one from the first-order Stokes and one from SFPM) while the others are assigned to new SRS produced by one of the SFPM signals. The mechanisms of the generation of these new spectral lines are discussed.
Random lasing (RL) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of dye in multiple scattering media (MSM) appears simultaneously and each couple with other. This coupling has considerable influence on the SRS regularities of dye in MSM. The main feature of this impact is that RL radiation promotes the Raman lines revealing in the RL spectrum range as part of total radiation. SRS initiation occurs owing to the CARS-like mechanism provided by the two component pump: incident monochromatic radiation (laser pump) and RL radiation arising inside the MSM. It leads to important consequences: the RL spectrum must overlap with the spectral region of the possible Stokes lines of the dye; only those Stokes lines appear which are in a range of the RL spectrum; all conditions which promote RL assist SRS also. It is shown MSM promotes the best conditions for SRS and RL coupling due to optimal matching of RL localization regions and pump radiation.
Resonance-enhanced anti-stokes of stimulated four photon mixing is demonstrated for the first time in an Er3+ doped silica fiber under the excitation of a 1064 nm laser. The enhancement of 977 nm anti-stokes of stimulated four-photon mixing by the excited state 4I11/2 of Er3+ has been observed. After the fiber being prepared for efficient SHG, the spectra of stokes and anti-stokes stimulated four-photon mixing were measured again and found to have shifted 2 nm, respectively. We attribute this phenomenon to photo induced refractive-index changes in the fiber: one is caused by the short wavelength light absorptions of GeO, and the other is by the change of intensity-dependent Er3+ population in excited states.
Manifestations of quantum fluctuations in stimulated Raman scattering ( SRS ) have been intensively studied lately1. Quantum noise present in spontaneous scattering stimulates fluctuations both in phase and in amplitude characteristics of output Stokes emission. At present statistical properties of amplitude fluctuations are studied in detail and it is shown that in linear transient regime of SRS without pump depletion statistical scatter of Stokes energy Es has negative exponential distribution2. In saturation regime of SRS the amplitude fluctuations are almost suppressed simultaneously with pump depletion. The phase fluctuations manifest both in linear and in nonlinear SRS and produce beam pointing fluctuations3, a change in Stokes emission spectra from pulse to pulse4 and cause soliton appearance in Rayleigh component of SRS5. Phase noise is observed in saturation regime due to relation between phases of Stokes and phonon waves which is preserved in processes of stationary and quasistationary SRS amplification. Spectrum phase fluctuations manifest as fine structure of SRS spectrum4, fluctuations of average Stokes frequency and Stokes linewidth fluctuations. The evolution of phase fluctuations in time is determined by the nature of spontaneous scattering and polarization of Raman media and is of great interest as one can follow its development from vacuum modes level to saturation regime. However up to now this problem has not been studied yet.
The tuning Raman mixing effects in an optical fiber have been investigated in the frequency shift range from 656cm-1 to 1343cm-1. Many phenomena have been obser-ved experimentally, e.g., the intensity of coherent anti-Stokes Eaman scattering (CAES) is inversely proportional to that of the inverse Raman absorption (VRA), the energy distribution of SRS is influenced strongly by Raman mixing (RM). In addition to the-coherent Stokes Raman scattering (CSRS) and CARS radiations, the second order coherent Stokes Raman scattering (SOCSRS) and the second order anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SOCARS) radiations have also been observed. Finally, the experimental results are discussed.