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Optics Express

Amplitude squeezing in a Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer: Numerical analysis of experiments with microstructure fiber

Marco Fiorentino B, Jay E. Sharping, Prem Kumar, A. Porzio

Published Jan 28, 2002• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study a Mach-Zehnder nonlinear fiber interferometer for the generation of amplitude-squeezed light. Numerical simulations of experiments with microstructure fiber are performed using linearization of the quantum nonlinear Shroedinger equation. We include in our model the effect of distributed linear losses in the fiber.
DOI
10.1364/oe.10.000128

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Summary form only given. Several schemes to generate squeezed light by use of the Kerr nonlinearity in optical fibers have been devised. The most recent experiments used asymmetric Sagnac loops to produce amplitude squeezing. In our experiment the Sagnac geometry is "unfolded" into a Mach-Zehnder, wherein the two arms of the interferometer correspond to the polarization modes of a single-mode PM fiber. This setup allows us to switch from an asymmetric to a symmetric interferometer, and gives us full control of the phase and amplitude of the two interfering pulses. With these degrees of freedom, we are able to maximize noise reduction and perform a full measurement of the noise properties of the soliton squeezed pulses.
Photon number of coherent light obeys Poisson distribution, and its variance is proportional to the intensity of the light. Photon-number squeezed state is the light whose variance is reduced below the standard quantum limit. In general, photon-number squeezed state has been generated with femtosecond pulses and asymmetric fiber interferometer [1]. However, due to difference of nonlinearity in the two arms, mismatch of spectrum shape and phase is occurred for two pulses. As a result, the squeezing level becomes lower. It is especially true for pulses in the normal dispersion regime.
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We propose and experimentally demonstrate a quantum-enhanced fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for low-frequency phase measurement beyond the shot-noise limit using a high-frequency squeezing technique. The local oscillator field is amplitude-modulated in the MHz range and is then demodulated to avoid the technical noise that occurs at low frequencies. After measurement of the phase noise at a frequency of tens of kHz, an improvement of ∼2 dB relative to the shot-noise level is achieved. Additionally, the amplitude modulation depth has no significant effect on the phase noise improvement of the interferometer when deployed in our experimental configuration. The current scheme introduces a quantum technique into the fiber-based measurements, particularly for the low frequency range, and this scheme has potential applications in the high-precision fiber sensing of temperature, strain, and various other parameters.