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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Soliton squeezing in asymmetric and symmetric fiber Mach-Zehnder nonlinear interferometers

Marco Fiorentino B, Jay E. Sharping, Paul L. Voss, Prem Kumar, Dmitry Levandovsky, Michael Vasilyev

Published Nov 13, 2002• 0 citations

Abstract

Summary form only given. Several schemes to generate squeezed light by use of the Kerr nonlinearity in optical fibers have been devised. The most recent experiments used asymmetric Sagnac loops to produce amplitude squeezing. In our experiment the Sagnac geometry is "unfolded" into a Mach-Zehnder, wherein the two arms of the interferometer correspond to the polarization modes of a single-mode PM fiber. This setup allows us to switch from an asymmetric to a symmetric interferometer, and gives us full control of the phase and amplitude of the two interfering pulses. With these degrees of freedom, we are able to maximize noise reduction and perform a full measurement of the noise properties of the soliton squeezed pulses.

DOI: 10.1109/qels.2001.961781

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Summary form only given. Several schemes to generate squeezed light by use of the Kerr nonlinearity in optical fibers have been devised. The most recent experiments used asymmetric Sagnac loops to produce amplitude squeezing. In our experiment the Sagnac geometry is "unfolded" into a Mach-Zehnder, wherein the two arms of the interferometer correspond to the polarization modes of a single-mode PM fiber. This setup allows us to switch from an asymmetric to a symmetric interferometer, and gives us full control of the phase and amplitude of the two interfering pulses. With these degrees of freedom, we are able to maximize noise reduction and perform a full measurement of the noise properties of the soliton squeezed pulses.

Direct photon-number squeezing is demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, in a nonlinear fiber-optic interferometer. Launching 126-fs solitons into a highly asymmetric Sagnac loop, the maximum photocurrent noise reduction was $3.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\mathrm{dB}$ below shot noise, corresponding to $6.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\mathrm{dB}$, when corrected for linear losses. The loop is a model system for squeezing generated by the interference of two pulses after nonlinear propagation through a fiber.

We report on the generation of polarization squeezing of intense, short light pulses using an asymmetric fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer. The Kerr nonlinearity of the fiber is exploited to produce independent amplitude squeezed pulses. The polarization squeezing properties of spatially overlapped amplitude squeezed and coherent states are discussed. The experimental results for a single-amplitude squeezed beam are compared to the case of two phase-matched, spatially overlapped amplitude squeezed pulses. For the latter, noise variances of $\ensuremath{-}3.4\mathrm{dB}$ below shot noise in the

{S}_{0}

and the

{S}_{1}

and of $\ensuremath{-}2.8\mathrm{dB}$ in the

{S}_{2}

Stokes parameters were observed, which is comparable to the input squeezing magnitude. Polarization squeezing, that is, squeezing relative to a corresponding polarization minimum uncertainty state, was generated in

{S}_{1}.

Convenient methods of generating amplitude-squeezed (sub-Poissonian) light have recently been discovered, which rely on the use of soliton-like pulses in fibers. The idea of squeezing solitons in fibers is; what is new, however, is the use of femtosecond pulses in conjunction with asymmetric Sagnac loops. Since femtosecond solitons have a correspondingly high peak power, much shorter fiber lengths are required to obtain a given amount of squeezing, which directly translates into lowering of the guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering noise in the system. The use of an asymmetric Sagnac loop leads to a robust, practically very stable configuration for generating amplitude squeezing. In a related development, spectral filtering of femtosecond solitons emerging from a straight piece of fiber has also been shown to generate sub-Poissonian light.

We experimentally demonstrate a new scheme for generating amplitude squeezed solitons in an asymmetric fiber Sagnac loop. We measure by direct detection a 5.7±0.1 dB (73%) and, with corrections for linear losses 6.2±0.1 dB (76%), reduction in the photon number fluctuations below the shot noise level. The same scheme is also shown to generate a significant classical noise reduction and is limited by Raman effects in fiber. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.