Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Kharkiv Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves

Stochastic Amplifier Based on Superconducting Interferometer with 4-Terminal Josephson Junction for Flux Qubit State Readout

Oleg G. Turutanov, V. I. Shnyrkov, A. N. Omelyanchouk

Published Jun 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper proposes one of possible solutions to arrange the weak continuous measurements of the state of the flux qubit based on a superconducting interferometer ring, with a stochastic amplifier which provides the minor back action.The amplifier exploits the stochastic resonance (SR) effect and is embodied as a superconducting interferometer ring incorporating the four-terminal (4-t) Josephson junction . The two leads of the 4-t Josephson junction are closed by the amplifier-interferometer ring while the rest two are connected to the superconducting magnetic antenna (flux transformer) that senses the flux qubit state. In this arrangement, a variation of the qubit flux which corresponds to a certain qubit state superposition results in a change in the antenna loop current. Further, the stochastic amplifier gain, as it will be shown below, depends on the antenna loop current thus monitoring the cubit state.

DOI
10.1109/msmw.2007.4294826

Related papers

Controlled Stochastic Amplification of a Weak Signal in a Superconducting Quantum Interferometer

Oleg G. Turutanov, V. Yu. Lyakhno, M. E. Pivovar +1 more

In a single-junction niobium superconducting quantum interferometer (RF SQUID loop), a weak low-frequency harmonic signal is amplified when quasi-white Gaussian noise magnetic flux is applied to the loop; such amplification is due to stochastic resonance (SR). We have experimentally shown that if the suboptimal flux noise intensity is insufficient for SR, the mean rate of transitions between the metastable states of the loop, and thus the signal gain, can be controlled by an additional deterministic alternating magnetic flux with frequency being much higher than that of the useful signal to provide the maximal possible gain. The frequency characteristics of a multi-tone composite signal amplification in the cases of controlled stochastic amplification and “pure” SR are compared to each other.

Low Temperature Physics•Jan 1, 2019•3 citations

Circuit QED with superconducting flux qubits controlled by a bias current

Mun Dae Kim, Kyungsun Moon

We propose a scheme for a cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) architecture for a current-biased superconducting flux qubit with three Josephson junctions. The qubit operation is performed by using a bias current coming from the current mode of the circuit resonator. If the phase differences of junctions are to be coupled with the bias current, the Josephson junctions should be arranged in an asymmetric way in the qubit loop. Our QED scheme provides a strong coupling between the flux qubit and the transmission line resonator of the circuit.

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 18, 2010•0 citations

Tunable transformer for qubits based on flux states

Timur V. Filippov, Sergey K. Tolpygo, Jaan Männik +1 more

Flux states of an RF SQUID are promising candidates for the implementation of quantum bits (qubits) for quantum computing. Accurate measurements of the flux states, especially in the time domain, require a controllable coupling between a qubit and a readout circuit (e.g., a dc SQUID magnetometer). Since the readout circuit can also be a source of decoherence, such a controllable coupling also allows one to control (minimize) the back action of the magnetometer. For this purpose we suggest a balanced, tunable transformer. This has a gradiometer configuration such that each arm is broken by a small loop containing two Josephson junctions. As a result the inductance of each arm can be adjusted by an applied bias flux. In the symmetrical case there is no coupling between the qubit and the magnetometer while a desired coupling can be achieved by changing the asymmetry of the arms. Similar transformers may be be useful for achieving controllable, lossless coupling that is required between qubits. Theoretical analysis of the noise back action of the transformer as well as preliminary experimental results are presented.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity•Jun 1, 2003•26 citations

Magnetic flux noise in the three-Josephson-junction superconducting ring

Evgeni V. Il’ichev, A. N. Omelyanchouk

We analyze the influence of noise on magnetic properties of a superconducting loop which contains three Josephson junctions. This circuit is a classical analog of a persistent current (flux) qubit. A loop supercurrent induced by external magnetic field in the presence of thermal fluctuations is calculated. To connect with experiment, we calculate the impedance of a low-frequency tank circuit which is inductively coupled with the loop of interest. We compare the results with the results obtained in the quantum mode — when the three junction loop exhibits quantum tunneling of the magnetic flux. We demonstrate that the tank–loop impedance in the classical and quantum modes have different temperature dependence and can be easily distinguished experimentally.

arXiv:0801.3761•Low Temperature Physics•Jun 1, 2008•2 citations

Scheme for Flux-Qubit-Based Microwave Single-Photon Counter with Weak Continuous Measurement

V. I. Shnyrkov, Wu Yangcao, Oleg G. Turutanov +2 more

Single-photon detectors are crucial elements of prospective quantum devices and techniques such as quantum communication systems, quantum computers, quantum radars, astrophysical detectors, etc. The detection of individual photons in microwave range is a much larger challenge as compared to that of in optics due to the quanta energy difference of 4 to 5 orders of magnitude which requires a quite different approach. So "artificial atoms" with discrete energy spectrum such as superconducting qubits are used here exploiting resonance transitions between their quantum states. A scheme incorporating a flux qubit with controllable spectrum as a single photon counter for 3-12 GHz range and weak continuous readout circuit based on rf superconducting quantum interferometer (SQUID) with UHF pumping is proposed and analyzed. High SQUID pumping frequency (about 500 MHz) along with using cooled microwatt HEMT preamplifier provides the measurement frequency band of up to 30 MHz while substantially diminishing the back-action effect.

IEEE Ukrainian Microwave Week (UkrMW)•Sep 21, 2020•0 citations

Observation of metastable states in a superconducting Josephson circuit using an Andreev interferometer

Andrea Iagallo

We report on measurements of macroscopic quantum states in superconducting Josephson circuits using a highly sensitive hybrid quantum interferometer as the readout probe. The investigated Josephson circuit is one of the leading candidates as solid-state qubits (persistent current qubit), which are known to exhibit macroscopic quantum states with atomic-like properties. The readout device is a modified Andreev interferometer with semi-metallic normal segment in a “folded" geometry, and is designed to reduce the back action during measurement, as well as minimising the electromagnetic coupling between the circuit and the environment.\n A pulsed lock-in technique has been developed to perform continuous readout of the superconductor phase difference using pulse lengths down to 10 ns. The technique enables to control the energy of the probing quasiparticles in the normal segment of the interferometer, which in turn allows to control of the supercurrent owing in the SNS junction and prevents electron heating of the normal segment.\n An experimental set-up was designed and installed in a dilution fridge consisting of shielded wiring, magnetic screens, RF tight sample holder and printed circuit board to allow the injection of high frequency excitation signals, while minimising the environment effect on the qubit through careful electrical filtering. The effect of strong RF irradiation on Andreev interferometers allowed us to estimate the response time of the readout device to be less than 40 ps.\n The measurements show that two macroscopically distinct metastable states exist when the device is biased at the qubit degeneracy point, between which the system makes transitions that can be continuously monitored. Real time kinetics of the system has been investigated at different magnetic fluxes, pulse parameters, temperature and RF radiation. Based on statistical analysis of the transitions, we argue that the metastability is connected with macroscopic quantum tunnelling effects rather than thermal excitation. The experimental data support the hypothesis of a large low frequency noise causing low transition rates.

•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations
This paper proposes one of possible solutions to arrange the weak continuous measurements of the state of the flux qubit based on a superconducting interferometer ring, with a stochastic amplifier which provides the minor back action.The amplifier exploits the stochastic resonance (SR) effect and is embodied as a superconducting interferometer ring incorporating the four-terminal (4-t) Josephson junction . The two leads of the 4-t Josephson junction are closed by the amplifier-interferometer ring while the rest two are connected to the superconducting magnetic antenna (flux transformer) that senses the flux qubit state. In this arrangement, a variation of the qubit flux which corresponds to a certain qubit state superposition results in a change in the antenna loop current. Further, the stochastic amplifier gain, as it will be shown below, depends on the antenna loop current thus monitoring the cubit state.
In a single-junction niobium superconducting quantum interferometer (RF SQUID loop), a weak low-frequency harmonic signal is amplified when quasi-white Gaussian noise magnetic flux is applied to the loop; such amplification is due to stochastic resonance (SR). We have experimentally shown that if the suboptimal flux noise intensity is insufficient for SR, the mean rate of transitions between the metastable states of the loop, and thus the signal gain, can be controlled by an additional deterministic alternating magnetic flux with frequency being much higher than that of the useful signal to provide the maximal possible gain. The frequency characteristics of a multi-tone composite signal amplification in the cases of controlled stochastic amplification and “pure” SR are compared to each other.
We propose a scheme for a cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) architecture for a current-biased superconducting flux qubit with three Josephson junctions. The qubit operation is performed by using a bias current coming from the current mode of the circuit resonator. If the phase differences of junctions are to be coupled with the bias current, the Josephson junctions should be arranged in an asymmetric way in the qubit loop. Our QED scheme provides a strong coupling between the flux qubit and the transmission line resonator of the circuit.
Flux states of an RF SQUID are promising candidates for the implementation of quantum bits (qubits) for quantum computing. Accurate measurements of the flux states, especially in the time domain, require a controllable coupling between a qubit and a readout circuit (e.g., a dc SQUID magnetometer). Since the readout circuit can also be a source of decoherence, such a controllable coupling also allows one to control (minimize) the back action of the magnetometer. For this purpose we suggest a balanced, tunable transformer. This has a gradiometer configuration such that each arm is broken by a small loop containing two Josephson junctions. As a result the inductance of each arm can be adjusted by an applied bias flux. In the symmetrical case there is no coupling between the qubit and the magnetometer while a desired coupling can be achieved by changing the asymmetry of the arms. Similar transformers may be be useful for achieving controllable, lossless coupling that is required between qubits. Theoretical analysis of the noise back action of the transformer as well as preliminary experimental results are presented.
We analyze the influence of noise on magnetic properties of a superconducting loop which contains three Josephson junctions. This circuit is a classical analog of a persistent current (flux) qubit. A loop supercurrent induced by external magnetic field in the presence of thermal fluctuations is calculated. To connect with experiment, we calculate the impedance of a low-frequency tank circuit which is inductively coupled with the loop of interest. We compare the results with the results obtained in the quantum mode — when the three junction loop exhibits quantum tunneling of the magnetic flux. We demonstrate that the tank–loop impedance in the classical and quantum modes have different temperature dependence and can be easily distinguished experimentally.
Single-photon detectors are crucial elements of prospective quantum devices and techniques such as quantum communication systems, quantum computers, quantum radars, astrophysical detectors, etc. The detection of individual photons in microwave range is a much larger challenge as compared to that of in optics due to the quanta energy difference of 4 to 5 orders of magnitude which requires a quite different approach. So "artificial atoms" with discrete energy spectrum such as superconducting qubits are used here exploiting resonance transitions between their quantum states. A scheme incorporating a flux qubit with controllable spectrum as a single photon counter for 3-12 GHz range and weak continuous readout circuit based on rf superconducting quantum interferometer (SQUID) with UHF pumping is proposed and analyzed. High SQUID pumping frequency (about 500 MHz) along with using cooled microwatt HEMT preamplifier provides the measurement frequency band of up to 30 MHz while substantially diminishing the back-action effect.
We report on measurements of macroscopic quantum states in superconducting Josephson circuits using a highly sensitive hybrid quantum interferometer as the readout probe. The investigated Josephson circuit is one of the leading candidates as solid-state qubits (persistent current qubit), which are known to exhibit macroscopic quantum states with atomic-like properties. The readout device is a modified Andreev interferometer with semi-metallic normal segment in a “folded" geometry, and is designed to reduce the back action during measurement, as well as minimising the electromagnetic coupling between the circuit and the environment.\n A pulsed lock-in technique has been developed to perform continuous readout of the superconductor phase difference using pulse lengths down to 10 ns. The technique enables to control the energy of the probing quasiparticles in the normal segment of the interferometer, which in turn allows to control of the supercurrent owing in the SNS junction and prevents electron heating of the normal segment.\n An experimental set-up was designed and installed in a dilution fridge consisting of shielded wiring, magnetic screens, RF tight sample holder and printed circuit board to allow the injection of high frequency excitation signals, while minimising the environment effect on the qubit through careful electrical filtering. The effect of strong RF irradiation on Andreev interferometers allowed us to estimate the response time of the readout device to be less than 40 ps.\n The measurements show that two macroscopically distinct metastable states exist when the device is biased at the qubit degeneracy point, between which the system makes transitions that can be continuously monitored. Real time kinetics of the system has been investigated at different magnetic fluxes, pulse parameters, temperature and RF radiation. Based on statistical analysis of the transitions, we argue that the metastability is connected with macroscopic quantum tunnelling effects rather than thermal excitation. The experimental data support the hypothesis of a large low frequency noise causing low transition rates.