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Electronics Letters

40 Gbit/s operation of superconductive single flux quantum digital integrated circuit with optical data input

Y. Hashimoto, Hideo Suzuki, Michitaka Maruyama, K. Fujiwara, M. Hidaka

Published Dec 23, 2008• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A superconductive single flux quantum (SFQ) digital integrated circuit with an optical data input has been demonstrated at the system level of 40 Gbit/s for the first time. A uni travelling carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) and an SFQ circuit chip, on which 40 Gbit/s I/O interfaces were integrated, were packaged on a cold stage (4–6 K) of a cryocooler system. The UTC-PD's output was connected to an input port of the SFQ circuit with a Cu coaxial cable. From room temperature, a 40 GHz clock was supplied to the SFQ circuit while 40 Gbit/s optical data were supplied to the UTC-PD. The SFQ circuit operated correctly with the optical 40 Gbit/s data. The measured bit error rate was less than 10−13 for 1.2 mW optical PRBS 7 input at 40 Gbit/s.

DOI
10.1049/el:20092161

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A superconductive single flux quantum (SFQ) digital integrated circuit with an optical data input has been demonstrated at the system level of 40 Gbit/s for the first time. A uni travelling carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) and an SFQ circuit chip, on which 40 Gbit/s I/O interfaces were integrated, were packaged on a cold stage (4–6 K) of a cryocooler system. The UTC-PD's output was connected to an input port of the SFQ circuit with a Cu coaxial cable. From room temperature, a 40 GHz clock was supplied to the SFQ circuit while 40 Gbit/s optical data were supplied to the UTC-PD. The SFQ circuit operated correctly with the optical 40 Gbit/s data. The measured bit error rate was less than 10−13 for 1.2 mW optical PRBS 7 input at 40 Gbit/s.
A cryocooled system with I/O interface circuits, which enables high-speed system operation of superconductive single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits at over 40GHz, and the demonstration of a 47-Gbps SFQ 2×2 switch system are presented. The cryocooled system has 32 I/Os and cools an SFQ multi-chip module (MCM) to 4K with a two-stage 1W Gifford-McMahon cryocooler. An SFQ 4:1 multiplexer (MUX) and an SFQ 1:4 demultiplexer (DEMUX) have been designed to interface the speed gap between the I/O (-10Gbps/ch) and SFQ circuits (>40GHz). An SFQ 2×2 switch chip, in which the MUX/DEMUX and an SFQ 2×2 switch are integrated, and an 8-channel superconductive voltage driver (SVD) chip have been designed with an advanced cell library for a junction critical current density of 10kA/cm2. An SFQ 2×2 switch MCM has been made by flip-chip bonding the switch chip and SVD chip on a superconductive MCM carrier with ∅50-μm InSn solder bumps. An SFQ 2×2 switch system, which is the switch MCM packaged in the cryocooled system, has been demonstrated up to a port speed of 47Gbps for the first time.
We developed an optical input module with a superconducting single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuit for application of ultrafast photonic networks in the near future. The optical input module, consisting of a built-in photodiode (PD) with a coplanar waveguide transmission line, was fabricated on an InP substrate and flip-chip bonded with the SFQ circuit on a Si substrate. The fabricated PD showed photosensitivities of more than 0.2 A/W for the wavelength range 1480 to 1530 nm at 4.2 K. SFQ pulses were generated by less than 1 mW optical pulse input.
We report on development of a cryocooled system prototype for high-throughput single flux quantum (SFQ) digital applications. The system was designed to have 32 I/O links with a bandwidth of 10 Gbps/port. An SFQ multi-chip module (MCM), double mu-metal magnetic shields, a 40-K radiation shield, customized GaAs cryogenic amplifiers, a 32-pin wide-bandwidth cryo-probe, and 32 I/O cables were packaged in a vacuum chamber together with a two-stage 4-K 1-W Gifford-McMahon (G-M) cryocooler. S-parameter measurements showed that the analog bandwidth of the I/O link was 23 GHz. We demonstrated high-speed cryocooled operation of a test module, in which a 5 mm times 5 mm SFQ circuit chip was flip-chip bonded on a 16 mm times 16 mm MCM carrier with phi30 mum InSn bump bonds, at bit rates up to 12.5 Gbps. Measured bit error rate (BER) was less than 10-12for a 1023- 1 pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) at 10 Gbps.
The basic concepts of the ultrafast optoelectronic interface for superconducting digital electronics are presented. Several implementations of both the input optical-to-electrical and the output electrical-to-optical transducers are discussed. As an example, an optoelectronic telecommunication router is used that is capable of switching signals at a >100 Gbit s −1 rate on a single wavelength. We demonstrate that superconducting optoelectronics emerges as the ultimate solution to the ultrafast input/output (I/O) interface of single-flux-quantum (SFQ)-based, superconducting digital electronics.
Superconductor digital devices using single-flux-quantum (SFQ) data encoding offer higher speed at lower power than any other integrated circuit technology. For this very reason, interconnect is challenging. We report SFQ data transfer between chips flip chip mounted on a passive microstrip carrier. The flip-chip structure achieves bandwidths greater than 250 GHz. Unlike previous designs, our signal lines are terminated at both ends; this is accomplished using a driver that produces a double-flux-quantum signal. We measured the circuit for pseudorandom data in the range of 10–60 Gb/s. Bit error rates are measured down to 1E−10 and extrapolate to negligible values. The signal power on the microstrip is only 30 nW at 60 Gb ps.
We report the operation of superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) with integrated readout electronics based on a single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuit. The SSPDs were connected to a SFQ readout circuit without bias tee in a cryocooler system, and detection efficiencies (DEs) were measured to verify their correct operation. The DE curves matched well with those measured by conventional readout electronics, and the maximum bias current for normal operation was increased. In addition, we confirmed that the SFQ circuit correctly merged the input signals from two SSPDs. SSPDs with a SFQ readout circuit demonstrated a favorable timing jitter of 50 ps.