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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Effective algorithm for random mask generation used in secured optical data encryption and communication

Yuexin Liu, John J. Metzner, Ruyan Guo, Francis T. S. Yu

Published Aug 18, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An efficient and secure algorithm for random phase mask generation used in optical data encryption and transmission system is proposed, based on Diffie-Hellman public key distribution. Thus-generated random mask has higher security due to the fact that it is never exposed to the vulnerable transmitting channels. The effectiveness to retrieve the original image and its robustness against blind manipulation have been demonstrated by our numerical results. In addition, this algorithm can be easily extended to multicast networking system and refresh of this shared random key is also very simple to implement.

DOI
10.1117/12.637664

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An efficient and secure algorithm for random phase mask generation used in optical data encryption and transmission system is proposed, based on Diffie-Hellman public key distribution. Thus-generated random mask has higher security due to the fact that it is never exposed to the vulnerable transmitting channels. The effectiveness to retrieve the original image and its robustness against blind manipulation have been demonstrated by our numerical results. In addition, this algorithm can be easily extended to multicast networking system and refresh of this shared random key is also very simple to implement.
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Optical layer attacks on optical fiber communication networks are one of the weakest reinforced areas of the network, allowing attackers to overcome security software or firewalls when proper safeguards are not put into place. Encrypting data using a random phase mask is a simple yet effective way to bolster the data security at the physical layer. Since the interactions of the random phases used for such encryption heavily depend on system properties like data rate, modulation format, distance, degree of phase randomness, laser properties, etc., it is important to determine the optimum operating conditions for different scenarios. In this work, assuming that the transmitter and the receiver have a secret pre-shared key, we present a theoretical study of security in such a system through mutual information analysis. Next, we determine operating conditions which ensure security for 4-PSK, 16-PSK, and 128-QAM formats through numerical simulation. Moreover, we provide an experimental demonstration of the system using 16-QAM modulation. We then use numerical simulation to verify the efficacy of the encryption and study two preventative measures for different modulation formats which will prevent an eavesdropper from obtaining any data. The results demonstrate that the system is secure against a tapping attack if an attacker has no information of the phase modulator and pre-shared key.
A new nonlinear optical image encryption scheme based on a modified amplitude phase retrieval algorithm is proposed. With two random phase masks that serve as the public encryption keys, one iterative amplitude and phase retrieval process is employed to encode the primary image into a stationary white noise. The two private keys generated in the encryption process are randomly distributed binary matrices to be used to perform one-way binary phase modulations. The proposed encryption process is nonlinear and offers enhanced security. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and security of the proposed system. The results also illustrate that the computing efficiency of the algorithm is improved and the number of iterations is much less than that of cryptosystem based on Yang-Gu algorithm, which has two iteration processes.
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We propose a novel optical information encryption and authentication scheme that uses asymmetric keys generated by the phase-truncation approach and the phase-retrieval algorithm. Multiple images bonded with random phase masks are Fourier transformed, and obtained spectra are amplitude- and phase-truncated. The phase-truncated spectra are encoded into a single random intensity image using the phase-retrieval algorithm. Unlike most of the authentication schemes, in this study, only one encrypted reference image is required for verification of multiple secured images. The conventional double random phase encoding and correlation techniques are employed for authentication verification. Computer simulation results and theoretical explanation prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.