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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Scalable Multi-Photon Coincidence-Counting Electronics

David A. Branning, Sarthak Khanal, Y. H. Shin, Brandon A. Clary, M. Beck

Published Jan 1, 2011• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a multi-channel coincidence-counting module for use in quantum optics experiments. The module counts up to 4-fold coincidences at up to 84 MHz. Combined multiple modules can count M-order coincidences among N inputs.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2011.jthb10

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We present a multichannel coincidence-counting module for use in quantum optics experiments. The circuit takes up to four transistor-transistor logic pulse inputs and counts either twofold, threefold, or fourfold coincidences, within a user-selected coincidence-time window as short as 12 ns. The module can accurately count eight sets of multichannel coincidences, for input rates of up to 84 MHz. Due to their low cost and small size, multiple modules can easily be combined to count arbitrary M-order coincidences among N inputs.
Coincidence counting is widely used in quantum optics.It could be used in measuring the pairs of polarization entangled photons and single photon interference.In quantum experiments,coincidence counting often needs more than 3 channels.In this case,it is necessary to use FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array) instead of discrete logic chips.FPGA also has the advantage of low cost and small size.Coincidence counter based on FPGA could support coincidence time window from 1 ns to several hundred ns.This helps to avoid noised caused by background light.This paper introduces the principle of multi-channel coincidence counter based on FPGA and gives its performance experimentally with two single photon counting modules.
In this paper, we demonstrate a coincidence counting system with 48 input channels which is aimed to count all coincidence events, up to 531 441 kinds, in a multiphoton experiment. Using the dynamic delay adjusting inside the Field Programmable Gate Array, the alignment of photon signals of 48 channels is achieved. After the alignment, clock phase shifting is used to sample signal pulses. Logic constraints are used to stabilize the pulse width. The coincidence counting data stored in a 1G bit external random access memory will be sent to the computer to analyze the amount of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-fold coincidence events. This system is designed for multiphoton entanglement experiments with multiple degrees of freedom of photons.
Coincidence counting is a necessary ingredient for quantum optics experiments at the undergraduate level, but cost has created an entry barrier for many schools. We present a design of a coincidence-counting module that replaces the traditional method based on time-to-amplitude conversion and pulse-height analysis. Our module accepts inputs from up to four detectors, has a coincidence-time window of less than 10ns, and has a throughput of more than triple that of the traditional method. The cost of our coincidence-counting module is less than 5% of the cost of the traditional method.
The increasing complexity of recent photonic experiments challenges the development of efficient multichannel coincidence counting systems with high-level functionality. Here, we report a coincidence unit able to count detection events ranging from single to 16-fold coincidences with full channel-number resolution. The device operates within sub-100-ps coincidence time windows, with a maximum input frequency of 1.5 GHz and an overall jitter of less than 10 ps. The unit high-level timing performance renders it suitable for quantum photonic experiments employing low-timing-jitter single-photon detectors. Additionally, the unit can be used in complex photonic systems to drive feed-forward loops. We demonstrate the developed coincidence counting unit in photon-number-resolving detection to directly quantify the statistical properties of light, specifically coherent and thermal states, with a fidelity exceeding 0.999 up to 60 photons.