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Chinese Physics B

Atom–field entanglement in the Jaynes–Cummings model without rotating wave approximation

Mehdi Mirzaee, M. Batavani

Published Mar 31, 2015• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we present a structure for obtaining the exact eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM) without the rotating wave approximation (RWA). We study the evolution of the system in the strong coupling region using the time evolution operator without RWA. The entanglement of the system without RWA is investigated using the Von Neumann entropy as an entanglement measure. It is interesting that in the weak coupling regime, the population of the atomic levels and Von Neumann entropy without RWA model shows a good agreement with the RWA whereas in strong coupling domain, the results of these two models are quite different.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/24/4/040306

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In this paper, we present a structure for obtaining the exact eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM) without the rotating wave approximation (RWA). We study the evolution of the system in the strong coupling region using the time evolution operator without RWA. The entanglement of the system without RWA is investigated using the Von Neumann entropy as an entanglement measure. It is interesting that in the weak coupling regime, the population of the atomic levels and Von Neumann entropy without RWA model shows a good agreement with the RWA whereas in strong coupling domain, the results of these two models are quite different.
Entanglement evolution of two independent Jaynes-Cummings atoms without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is studied by a numerically exact approach. Previous results based on the RWA are essentially modified in the strong-coupling regime ($g\ensuremath{\geqslant}0.1$), which has been reached in the recent experiments on the flux qubit coupled to the LC\mathit{LC}LC resonator. For the initial Bell state with anticorrelated spins, entanglement sudden death (ESD) is absent in the RWA but does appear in the present numerical calculation without the RWA. Aperiodic entanglement evolution in the strong-coupling regime is observed. The strong atom-cavity coupling facilitates the ESD. The sign of the detuning plays an essential role in the entanglement evolution for strong coupling, which is irrelevant in the RWA. Analytical results based on an unitary transformation are also given, which could not modify the RWA picture essentially. It is suggested that the activation of the photons may be the origin of ESD in this system.
In this paper, we investigate various dynamical properties of the Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model beyond the rotating wave approximation (RWA). We first show that in the absence of the RWA, the JC Hamiltonian can be transformed into an intensity-dependent Hamiltonian. Corrections produced by the counter-rotating terms (CRTs) appear in the first order as the intensity-dependent detuning, i.e. the dynamical Stark shift and in the second order as the intensity-dependent atom–field coupling. Then, by determining the atom–field wavefunction evolution, we study the effects of CRTs on various dynamical properties of the JC model, including the atomic population inversion, atomic dipole squeezing, atomic entropy squeezing, photon counting statistics, quadrature field squeezing, field entropy squeezing and quantum phase properties of the cavity field.
In this paper we define, in the context of dynamical algebras, a set of operators that are suitable for studying any relevant quantity related to the two-level Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM). We study the usual JCM with and without the rotating wave approximation (RWA), and then we add the presence of an external field. In this last case we find that in the strong driving regime there are significant differences between the results obtained with the RWA and without it. This holds even for the case in which the usual requirements for applying the RWA without an external driving are fulfilled.
The Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) is studied in the absence of the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) by a coherent-state expansion technique. In comparison with the previous paper in which the coherent-state expansion was performed only to the third order, we carry out in this paper a complete expansion to demonstrate exactly the dynamics of the JCM without the RWA. Our study gives a systematic method to solve the non-RWA problem, which would be useful in various physical systems, e.g., in a system with an ultracold trapped ion experiencing the running waves of lasers.
We study the entanglement in a system consisting of two non-interacting atoms located in separate cavities, both in their ground states. A single incoming photon has a non-zero probability of entering either of the two cavities. The Jaynes-Cummings interaction in the rotating wave approximation describes the coupling of each atom with the radiation field. We compute and analyze the atom-atom entanglement, the entanglement between the two photon modes, and also the entanglement between each atom and each photon mode. The measure of entanglement is the von Neumann entropy. For the case in which the two atom-photon systems have identical properties, but allowing for non-resonant conditions, the sum of the atom-atom and photon-modes-entanglement is time independent. The effect of detuning is to decrease the strength of the largest entanglement achieved and to shorten the time for it to occur. The results support the fact that the state of the photons after emergence from cavities is entangled, notwithstanding its single-particle nature. In addition, for the case of resonance and identical cavity parameters, we demonstrate that von Neumann entropy is always greater than or equal to the measure of entanglement known as negativity.
Applying the method of coherent-state orthogonalization expansion, the influnences of dipole-dipole interaction and the coupling strength on the entanglement between two atoms of the Tavis-Cummings model without rotating wave approximation(without-RWA) are studied. Compared with the rotating wave approximation(RWA), it is found that the entanglement of the without-RWA agree with that of RWA when the coupling strength is weak. In the strong coupling regime, the sudden death phenomena occurs. The results also show that the stronger the atom-field coupling strength is, the longer the state stays in the disentangled separable state, which means that the length of the time interval for the distanglement depends on the atom-field coupling strength. When the dipole-dipole interacton is taken into account, the entanglement of the two atoms will be enhanced with the increace of dipole-dipole interaction.