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arXiv:1008.3080 · Physical Review A

Entanglement dynamics of two independent Jaynes-Cummings atoms without the rotating-wave approximation

Qing‐Hu Chen, Yuan Yang, Tao Liu, Ke-Lin Wang

Published Nov 10, 2010• 71 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Entanglement evolution of two independent Jaynes-Cummings atoms without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is studied by a numerically exact approach. Previous results based on the RWA are essentially modified in the strong-coupling regime ($g\ensuremath{\geqslant}0.1$), which has been reached in the recent experiments on the flux qubit coupled to the $\mathit{LC}$ resonator. For the initial Bell state with anticorrelated spins, entanglement sudden death (ESD) is absent in the RWA but does appear in the present numerical calculation without the RWA. Aperiodic entanglement evolution in the strong-coupling regime is observed. The strong atom-cavity coupling facilitates the ESD. The sign of the detuning plays an essential role in the entanglement evolution for strong coupling, which is irrelevant in the RWA. Analytical results based on an unitary transformation are also given, which could not modify the RWA picture essentially. It is suggested that the activation of the photons may be the origin of ESD in this system.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.052306

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Entanglement evolution of two independent Jaynes-Cummings atoms without the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is studied by a numerically exact approach. Previous results based on the RWA are essentially modified in the strong-coupling regime (g\ensuremath⩾0.1g\ensuremath{\geqslant}0.1g\ensuremath⩾0.1), which has been reached in the recent experiments on the flux qubit coupled to the LC\mathit{LC}LC resonator. For the initial Bell state with anticorrelated spins, entanglement sudden death (ESD) is absent in the RWA but does appear in the present numerical calculation without the RWA. Aperiodic entanglement evolution in the strong-coupling regime is observed. The strong atom-cavity coupling facilitates the ESD. The sign of the detuning plays an essential role in the entanglement evolution for strong coupling, which is irrelevant in the RWA. Analytical results based on an unitary transformation are also given, which could not modify the RWA picture essentially. It is suggested that the activation of the photons may be the origin of ESD in this system.
In this paper, we present a structure for obtaining the exact eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM) without the rotating wave approximation (RWA). We study the evolution of the system in the strong coupling region using the time evolution operator without RWA. The entanglement of the system without RWA is investigated using the Von Neumann entropy as an entanglement measure. It is interesting that in the weak coupling regime, the population of the atomic levels and Von Neumann entropy without RWA model shows a good agreement with the RWA whereas in strong coupling domain, the results of these two models are quite different.
A detailed treatment of the entanglement dynamics of two distant but non-identical systems is presented. We study the entanglement evolution of two remote atoms interacting independently with a cavity field, as in the double Jaynes–Cummings model. The four-qubit pairwise concurrences are studied, allowing for asymmetric atom–cavity couplings and off-resonant interactions. Counter to intuition, imperfect matching can prove advantageous to entanglement creation and evolution. For two types of initial entanglement, corresponding to spin-correlated and anti-correlated Bell states Φ and Ψ, a full, periodic and directed transfer of entanglement into a specific qubit pair is possible, for resonant interactions, depending on the choice of relative couplings. Furthermore, entanglement transfer and sudden death (ESD) can be prevented using off-resonant interactions, although for some initial states, detunings will trigger an otherwise frozen entanglement, to allow a full entanglement transfer.
Applying the method of coherent-state orthogonalization expansion, the influnences of dipole-dipole interaction and the coupling strength on the entanglement between two atoms of the Tavis-Cummings model without rotating wave approximation(without-RWA) are studied. Compared with the rotating wave approximation(RWA), it is found that the entanglement of the without-RWA agree with that of RWA when the coupling strength is weak. In the strong coupling regime, the sudden death phenomena occurs. The results also show that the stronger the atom-field coupling strength is, the longer the state stays in the disentangled separable state, which means that the length of the time interval for the distanglement depends on the atom-field coupling strength. When the dipole-dipole interacton is taken into account, the entanglement of the two atoms will be enhanced with the increace of dipole-dipole interaction.
It is well established that an entanglement encoded in the Bell states of a two-qubit system with correlated spins exhibits completely different evolution properties from that encoded in states with the anticorrelated spins. A complete and abrupt loss of the entanglement, called the entanglement sudden death, can be found to occur for the spin-correlated states, but the entanglement evolves without any discontinuity or decays asymptotically for the spin-anticorrelated states. We consider the evolution of an initial entanglement encoded in the spin-anticorrelated states and demonstrate that the asymptotic behavior predicted before occurs only in the weak-coupling limit or equivalently when the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is made on the interaction Hamiltonian of the qubits with the field. If we do not restrict ourselves to the RWA, we find that the entanglement undergoes a discontinuity, the sudden-death phenomenon. We illustrate this behavior by employing an efficient scheme for entanglement evolution between two cold-trapped atoms located inside a single-mode cavity. Although only a single excitation is initially present in the system, we find that the two-photon excited state, which plays the key role for the discontinuity in the behavior of the entanglement, gains a population over a short time of the evolution. When the RWA is made on the interaction, the two-photon excited state remains unpopulated for all times and the discontinuity is absent. We attribute this phenomenon to the principle of complementarity between the evolution time and energy, and the presence of the counter-rotating terms in the interaction Hamiltonian.
The atomic entanglement dynamics is studied in the double Jaynes-Cummings model composed of two coupled cavities.Effect of the cavity-cavity coupling constant A and the atomic initial states on entanglement sudden death(ESD) and entanglement sudden birth(ESB) is analysed.By studying the atomic concurrence,it was shown that when the atomic initial states are the first kind Bell-like states,ESD and ESB doesn't appear,coupling of the cavities can increase the atomic entanglement and entanglement occurs even the initial states are disentangled.When the atomic initial states are the second kind Bell-like states,the time intervals between the ESD and ESB,and whether the ESD occurs or not are controlled by the coupling constant A.The atomic entanglement can't be produced by the coupling between the cavities when the atomic initial states are disentangled and in the second kind Bell-like states.