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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Experimental demonstration of entanglement reduction and restoration for three party secret sharing

Curtis J. Broadbent, Irfan Ali Khan, John C. Howell

Published Jan 1, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We perform an experimental demonstration of the physical mechanism utilized by most three party secret sharing protocols. By local operations at distant locations, we reduce and restore entanglement in a polarization entangled bipartite qubit system.
DOI
10.1109/cleo.2006.4628714

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In single-qubit quantum secret sharing, a secret is shared between NNN parties via manipulation and measurement of one qubit at a time. Each qubit is sent to all NNN parties in sequence; the secret is encoded in the first participant's preparation of the qubit state and the subsequent participants' choices of state rotation or measurement basis. We present a protocol for single-qubit quantum secret sharing using polarization entanglement of photon pairs produced in type-I spontaneous parametric downconversion. We investigate the protocol's security against eavesdropping attack under common experimental conditions: a lossy channel for photon transmission, and imperfect preparation of the initial qubit state. A protocol which exploits entanglement between photons, rather than simply polarization correlation, is more robustly secure. We implement the entanglement-based secret-sharing protocol with 87% secret-sharing fidelity, limited by the purity of the entangled state produced by our present apparatus. We demonstrate a photon-number splitting eavesdropping attack, which achieves no success against the entanglement-based protocol while showing the predicted rate of success against a correlation-based protocol.