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Optics Letters

Telecom-band degenerate-frequency photon pair generation in silicon microring cavities

Yuan Guo, Wei Zhang, Shuai Dong, Yidong Huang, Jiangde Peng

Published Apr 14, 2014• 32 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this Letter, telecom-band degenerate-frequency photon pairs are generated in a specific mode of a silicon microring cavity by the nondegenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process, under two continuous-wave pumps at resonance wavelength of two different cavity modes. The ratio of coincidence to accidental coincidence is up to 100 under a time bin width of 5 ns, showing their characteristics of quantum correlation. Their quantum interference in balanced and unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers is investigated theoretically and experimentally, and the results show potential in quantum metrology and quantum information.

DOI
10.1364/ol.39.002526

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In this Letter, telecom-band degenerate-frequency photon pairs are generated in a specific mode of a silicon microring cavity by the nondegenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process, under two continuous-wave pumps at resonance wavelength of two different cavity modes. The ratio of coincidence to accidental coincidence is up to 100 under a time bin width of 5 ns, showing their characteristics of quantum correlation. Their quantum interference in balanced and unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers is investigated theoretically and experimentally, and the results show potential in quantum metrology and quantum information.
We experimentally demonstrate the generation of photon-pairs in the visible wavelength band through an intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing process between nondegenerate spatial pump modes. Polarization entangled photon-pairs are generated with a Sagnac loop configuration composed of a 10-m long few-mode fiber and a 532-nm, picosecond pump laser. The coincidence to accidental ratio of the photon-pair source was measured with respect to the pump power. The two-photon quantum state was characterized through the two-photon interference visibilities with 90.68% in the H/V basis and 80.55% in the D/A basis.
Photonic chips with silicon nitride (Si3N4\mathrm{Si_3N_4}Si3​N4​) microring resonators are well established as heralded single-photon sources, but their operation as frequency-degenerate twin-photon sources has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we realise a twin-photon source at telecommunication wavelengths in a Si3N4\mathrm{Si_3N_4}Si3​N4​ ring microresonator via an inverse four-wave mixing (FWM) process, in which two photons from spectrally distinct pumps are converted into a pair of identical twin photons. The measurements show a maximum coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) of 5.4±0.65.4\pm0.65.4±0.6. In addition, the microresonator functions as a heralded single-photon source through pump-degenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM), exhibiting a spectral purity of P=0.67±0.05P=0.67\pm0.05P=0.67±0.05 and a heralded anti-bunching of gh(2)(0)=0.0042±0.0015g^{(2)}_h(0)=0.0042\pm0.0015gh(2)​(0)=0.0042±0.0015. Together, these results demonstrate both photon-generation schemes on a single integrated Si3N4\mathrm{Si_3N_4}Si3​N4​ platform, highlighting its potential for scalable, tailored quantum light generation.
We report two-photon interferences on a silica-on-silicon chip of Mach-Zehnder interferometer using telecommunication-band correlated photon pairs. The photon pairs were generated by spontaneous four-waving mixing process in a dispersion-shifted fiber. The integrated chip, which was fabricated by standard silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit technology, contained a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a thermo-optic phase shifter. The insertion loss of the interferometer was less than 1 dB. We demonstrated two-photon interferences with both degenerate- and non-degenerate-frequency photon pairs on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer chip. A high fringe visibility was achieved in the interference with nondegenerate-frequency photons. Properties of quantum interference were demonstrated in the interference with degenerate-frequency photon pairs, which is an important way to manipulate the quantum state. These results show great potential of silica-on-silicon photonic chips in applications for the fiber-chip scheme in quantum networks.
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a scheme to generate discrete frequency entangled photon pairs based on a silicon micro-ring resonator. The resonator is placed in a Sagnac fiber loop. Stimulated by two pump lights at two different resonance wavelengths of the resonator, photon pairs at another two resonance wavelengths are generated along two opposite directions in the fiber loop, by the nondegenerate spontaneous four wave mixing in the resonator. Their states are superposed and interfered at the output ports of the fiber loop to generate frequency entangled photon pairs. On the other hand, since the pump lights come from two continuous wave lasers, energy-time entanglement is an intrinsic property of the generated photon pairs. The entanglements on frequency and energy-time are demonstrated experimentally by the experiments of spatial quantum beating and Franson-type interference, respectively, showing that the silicon micro-ring resonators are ideal candidates to realize complex photonic quantum state generation.
We observed high-purity correlated and entangled photon pairs generated through spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a silicon wire waveguide (SWW). Employing a nano-scale silicon waveguide with a low loss mode size converter, we obtained a high coincidence to accidental coincidence ratio (CAR) of around 200 that was larger than that of cooled dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) by a factor 3.2, and observed the two-photon interference fringe of time-bin entangled photons with > 95% visibility without subtracting the accidental coincidences.