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Physical Review B

Influence of the pulse shape and the dot size on the decay and reappearance of Rabi rotations in laser driven quantum dots

Martin Glässl, Mihail D Croitoru, Alexei Vagov, V. M. Axt, T. Kühn

Published Sep 7, 2011• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the dynamics of strongly confined semiconductor quantum dots coupled to acoustic phonons and driven by external laser pulses by a numerical path integral method. The field-dependent damping, caused by the non-Markovian processes of pure dephasing and manifesting itself in the peculiar decay and reappearance phenomenon of Rabi rotations is found to depend notably on the dot size and the shape of the applied laser pulses. In the limit of strong fields rectangular pulses yield a significant weaker damping than Gaussian or other bell-shaped profiles. As a consequence, the undamping of Rabi rotations at high pulse areas is most clearly visible for rectangular pulses.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.84.125304

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We study the dynamics of strongly confined semiconductor quantum dots coupled to acoustic phonons and driven by external laser pulses by a numerical path integral method. The field-dependent damping, caused by the non-Markovian processes of pure dephasing and manifesting itself in the peculiar decay and reappearance phenomenon of Rabi rotations is found to depend notably on the dot size and the shape of the applied laser pulses. In the limit of strong fields rectangular pulses yield a significant weaker damping than Gaussian or other bell-shaped profiles. As a consequence, the undamping of Rabi rotations at high pulse areas is most clearly visible for rectangular pulses.
The dynamics of strongly confined laser driven semiconductor quantum dots coupled to phonons is studied theoretically by calculating the time evolution of the reduced density matrix using a numerical path integral method. We explore the cases of long pulses, strong dot-phonon and dot-laser coupling, and high temperatures, which, up to now, have been inaccessible. We find that the phonon-induced damping of Rabi rotations is a nonmonotonic function of the laser field that is increasing at low fields and decreasing at high fields. This results in a reappearance of Rabi rotations at high fields. This phenomenon is of a general nature which occurs for all temperatures and carrier-phonon coupling strengths.
We study optically driven Rabi rotations of a quantum dot exciton transition between 5 and 50 K, and for pulse areas of up to 14π. In a high driving field regime, the decay of the Rabi rotations is nonmonotonic, and the period decreases with pulse area and increases with temperature. By comparing the experiments to a weak-coupling model of the exciton-phonon interaction, we demonstrate that the observed renormalization of the Rabi frequency is induced by fluctuations in the bath of longitudinal acoustic phonons, an effect that is a phonon analogy of the Lamb shift.
Phonons in solid-state quantum emitters play a crucial role in their performance as photon sources in quantum technology. For resonant driving, phonons dampen the Rabi oscillations, resulting in reduced state-preparation fidelities. The phonon spectral density, which quantifies the strength of the carrier-phonon interaction, is nonmonotonic as a function of energy. As one of the most prominent consequences, this should lead to the reappearance of Rabi rotations for increasing pulse power, according to the theoretical predictions in Vagov et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 227403 (2007)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.98.227403]. In this Letter, we present the experimental demonstration of the reappearance of Rabi rotations for a resonantly driven quantum dot.
A systematic investigation is performed on the damping of Rabi oscillations induced by an external electromagnetic field interacting with a two-level semiconductor system. We have considered a coherently driven two-level system coupled to a dephasing reservoir and shown that, to explain the dependence of the dephasing rate on the driving intensity, it is essential to consider the non-Markovian character of the reservoir. Moreover, we have demonstrated that intensity-dependent damping may be induced by various dephasing mechanisms due to stationary as well as non-stationary effects caused by coupling with the environment. Finally, present results are able to explain a variety of experimental measurements available in the literature.