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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Computer analysis of the CPT-dip properties

Anna V. Kuptsova

Published May 9, 2001• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In our work we develop the computer analysis of the CPT-dip properties. We investigate the dependencies of CPT-dip width, depth and contrast on the radiation fields intensities and detunings, the magnetic fields strength, and the relaxation constants. CPT is observed in the population dynamics of two real three-level atomic systems. One of them is a (Lambda) - type system composed of the magnetic sublevels of 6P1/2, 6P3/2 and 7S1/2 states of Tl atom, the other one is a (Xi) -type system of the magnetic sublevels of 3S1/2, 3P3/2, 5S1/2 states of Na atom. The systems interact with two monochromatic laser fields and magnetic field, which is perpendicular to the laser propagation direction for the lambda-system and parallel for the (Xi) -system. On both cases polarization and mutual configurations of the fields are chosen specific, so that one can select the isolated three- level subsystems in multilevel atomic systems. We observe that the obtained dependencies are different from those in reference 1. It may be explained with non-equal Rabi frequencies and decay rates of neighboring transitions, which are the characteristic feature of real atoms.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

DOI
10.1117/12.426683

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In our work we develop the computer analysis of the CPT-dip properties. We investigate the dependencies of CPT-dip width, depth and contrast on the radiation fields intensities and detunings, the magnetic fields strength, and the relaxation constants. CPT is observed in the population dynamics of two real three-level atomic systems. One of them is a (Lambda) - type system composed of the magnetic sublevels of 6P1/2, 6P3/2 and 7S1/2 states of Tl atom, the other one is a (Xi) -type system of the magnetic sublevels of 3S1/2, 3P3/2, 5S1/2 states of Na atom. The systems interact with two monochromatic laser fields and magnetic field, which is perpendicular to the laser propagation direction for the lambda-system and parallel for the (Xi) -system. On both cases polarization and mutual configurations of the fields are chosen specific, so that one can select the isolated three- level subsystems in multilevel atomic systems. We observe that the obtained dependencies are different from those in reference 1. It may be explained with non-equal Rabi frequencies and decay rates of neighboring transitions, which are the characteristic feature of real atoms.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
In our work we investigate the dependence of the CPT canyon width and depth on the radiation fields intensities fields intensities and detunings, the magnetic fields strength and the relaxation constants. We solve the problem of population dynamics for the system of 6P½ 6P3/2 and 7S½ levels of tallium, interacting with two linear polarized monochromatic laser fields and magnetic field, which is perpendicular to the laser propagation direction. Chosen configuration of E- and H-vectors permit us to separate three-level (Lambda) -type system of magnetic sublevels which is uncoupled by radiation fields with the other sublevels. The full set of density matrix equations is solved by a computer. We find the parameters values for which the canyon width is minimal and the depth is maximal. We show that the magnetic field breaks the conditions of equality of laser fields frequencies detunings for CPT. We observe the decreasing of canyon width and depth with increasing of the magnetic field.
The characteristics of CPT-resonance, i.e. its width, depth and contrast, are considered for the three-level Λ-atom interacting with two resonant monochromatic radiation fields. We develop the computer simulation to investigate the influence on these characteristics of the asymmetric properties of medium: inequality of the dipole moments and inequality of the relaxation rates of population. Both weak and strong radiation fields are considered. For the weak fields the inequality of the Rabi-frequencies is found to influence weakly or even not to influence on the CPT-resonance shape. For the strong fields we found the significant influence of the asymmetry on the shape. We conclude that the CPT-resonance in the strong fields can be utilized as a tool for measure of the optical transitions asymmetry. As an example of the real system interacting with two strong radiation fields we consider the characteristics of the CPT-resonance for the magnetic sublevels of states 6P1/2, 6P3/2 and 7S1/2 for Tl-atom.
The theory of interaction of the elementary atomic systems with resonant laser fields is well known. At the same time multilevel systems are investigated in less details. We consider T1 atoms as multilevel system due to removal of degeneracy of levels with different magnetic quantum number in strong radiation and magnetic fields. It is known that recently investigated effect, connected with the quantum interference of states is coherent population trapping (CPT). We propose the method of numerical calculations of interaction of real atoms with strong radiation fields and magnetic field, valid in the case when the values of Rabi frequencies considerably exceed the line widths. This method can be applied to investigate the CPT effect and influence of the external magnetic field on it.
The effect of coherent population trapping related to quantum interference of states now is well investigated for (Lambda) -systems in which the lower levels are generated by the hyperfine structure sublevels of the ground state of the atom. At present time the majority of experimental researches of resonances of CPT are made with alkaline atoms, for which hyperfine components of the ground state have typical interval of several gigahertz. We consider CPT in (Lambda) -systems in which the fine structure sublevels of the atom generate the lower levels. Our computer simulations have been made for the thallium atom for which the distance between sublevels of fine structure components is approximately 7792 cm-1. Theoretical and computer simulations of dynamics and dispersions of population of the considered multilevel system allow to detect new peculiarities of effect and demonstrate the influence of orientation and strength of magnetic field.
Phase-dependent coherent population trapping (CPT) was observed using a thermal Na atomic beam irradiated by four laser fields derived from two dye lasers. Investigations were made on Λ- and double Λ-systems created in the D 1 line, both with and without magnetic field that lifts degeneracy of the Zeeman sublevels. In all cases a sharp decrease of fluorescence intensity was observed for certain values of the relative phase of the light waves, indicating that the occurrence of CPT depends on this phase. The shape of the phase dependence as well as its behaviour with respect to laser intensity fits well theoretical predictions.
The method of computer simulations on nonlinear resonant magnetooptical effects developed for real multi-level atoms in the two laser fields of arbitrary intensity and external magnetic field is applied for the polarization effects of different types calculations and investigations of the dependence of the characteristics of these effects on magnetic field strength, intensities, polarization and detunings of laser fields for alkaline atoms. The essence of the method consists in simulations and analysis of the plots of dependence of quasi energies on parameters, which are obtained with the help of sorting subprogram, and selection of suitable algorithms for calculations of characteristics of nonlinear resonant magnetooptical effects. One photon and two photon resonant effects are investigated for wide range of magnetic field strength from Zeeman to Paschen Back effects. Some new features in the spectra of rotation of plane of polarization and circular dichroism of different types are predicted. The results show the agreement with known experiments. Such calculations of nonlinear resonant magnetooptical effects in the intense laser fields resonant to adjacent transitions and magnetic field show the opportunity of investigation the modifications of electronic structure due to intense radiation fields and strong external magnetic field in atomic gases and also may be used for the treatment of new methods of phase-polarization selection of modes of tunable lasers.