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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Light pulse progagation in a nonlinear amplifying medium

R. V. Ambartzumian, Nikolay G. Basov, Vladimir V. Zuev, P. Krukov, Vladilen S Letokhov

Published Apr 1, 1966• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only, as given. A powerful light pulse propagation through an optical amplifier driven at saturation was studied theoretically and experimentally. It was shown that maximum of light pulse of &-switched laser propagates through amplifying medium with velocity much higher than the light velocity without any essential decrease of pulse duration. Conditions of reducing pulse duration by nonlinear amplification were found.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.1966.1073831

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Summary form only, as given. A powerful light pulse propagation through an optical amplifier driven at saturation was studied theoretically and experimentally. It was shown that maximum of light pulse of &-switched laser propagates through amplifying medium with velocity much higher than the light velocity without any essential decrease of pulse duration. Conditions of reducing pulse duration by nonlinear amplification were found.
The problem of a light pulse propagating in a nonlinear laser medium is investigated. The electromagnetic field is treated classically and the active medium consists of thermally moving atoms which have two electronic states with independent decay constants ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{a}$ and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{b}$ in addition to the decay constant ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ describing the phase memory. The self-consistency requirement that the field sustained by the polarized medium be equal to the field inducing the polarization leads to coupled equations of motion for the density matrix, and equations of propagation for the electromagnetic field. Although the theory is developed for a Doppler-broadened gaseous medium, it may also be applied to a solid medium with inhomogeneous broadening. A unified treatment is given encompassing a wide range of pulse durations from cw signals to psec pulses. Continuous pumping is allowed, as well as any amount of detuning of the carrier frequency of the pulse from the atomic resonance frequency. The three independent decay constants ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{a}$, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{b}$, and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ provide greater flexibility than that obtained by using 1T1\frac{1}{{T}_{1}}T1​1​ and 1T2\frac{1}{{T}_{2}}T2​1​. The equations are solved analytically in a few specialized cases and numerically in the general case. Flow charts for accomplishing the numerical integration are given. Among the special problems considered is the apparent paradox of pulses propagating faster than the velocity of light under circumstances described by Basov et al. It is shown that this contradiction with relativity arises from the use of an unphysical initial condition.
After considering Kerr nonlinear effect, group velocity dispersion of host and gain distribution of active particle in laser amplifying medium, a basic equation describing propagation of the coupling optical pulse under the multi-photon nonlinear Compton scattering in the laser amplifying medium has been deduced. Besides, the profile and power spectrum of a picosecond-level super-Gaussian coupling pulse in the laser amplifying medium have been discussed when its central frequency coincides with the gain peak frequency of the laser amplifying medium.
An investigation was made of the properties of a two-component semiconductor (GaAs) medium and, specifically, of its transmission characteristics. It was found that the absorption coefficient was a nonlinear function of the power entering the medium. The "bleaching" theshold was determined. The spectral characteristics of the emission of a GaAs laser and of a GaAs amplifier–absorber system were determined. An experimental study was made of the reduction of the duration of the pulses transmitted by the amplifier–absorber system. Under traveling-wave conditions, the light pulses were compressed by a factor of up to 3 (down to 1 nsec). The experimental results were in agreement with the theoretical calculations.
It has been shown recently (see, e.g., Nature, 397, 594, 1999; 409, 490, 2001) that light pulses can be remarkably slowed down in resonant gases under very low temperatures. We show theoretically and experimentally that a similar in nature (and stronger in value) phenomenon occurs in photorefractive nonlinear media. The pulse-maximum velocity can be reduced here to the value of thickness/response time because of the two wave coupling effect. Specific properties of pulse propagation depend on the type of the photorefractive response and also duration and shape of the input pulse. Our theoretical results for the nonlocal nonlinear response are in a good agreement with experimental data obtained with BaTiO3 and Sn2P2S6 crystals.