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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Transmission of light pulses by a two-component semiconductor medium

V F Litvinov, V I Molochev, В Н Морозов, V V Nikitin, A S Semenov, Nickolay P. Khatyrev

Published Jan 31, 1972• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An investigation was made of the properties of a two-component semiconductor (GaAs) medium and, specifically, of its transmission characteristics. It was found that the absorption coefficient was a nonlinear function of the power entering the medium. The "bleaching" theshold was determined. The spectral characteristics of the emission of a GaAs laser and of a GaAs amplifier–absorber system were determined. An experimental study was made of the reduction of the duration of the pulses transmitted by the amplifier–absorber system. Under traveling-wave conditions, the light pulses were compressed by a factor of up to 3 (down to 1 nsec). The experimental results were in agreement with the theoretical calculations.

DOI
10.1070/qe1972v002n01abeh003542

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An investigation was made of the properties of a two-component semiconductor (GaAs) medium and, specifically, of its transmission characteristics. It was found that the absorption coefficient was a nonlinear function of the power entering the medium. The "bleaching" theshold was determined. The spectral characteristics of the emission of a GaAs laser and of a GaAs amplifier–absorber system were determined. An experimental study was made of the reduction of the duration of the pulses transmitted by the amplifier–absorber system. Under traveling-wave conditions, the light pulses were compressed by a factor of up to 3 (down to 1 nsec). The experimental results were in agreement with the theoretical calculations.
An analysis is made of the conditions for the generation of superfluorescence pulses in an inverted medium of electron—hole pairs in a semiconductor. It is shown that strong optical amplification in laser semiconductor amplifiers characterised by α L ≫ 1 (α is the small-signal gain and L is the amplifier length) leads to suppression of phase relaxation of the medium during the initial stages of evolution of superfluorescence and to formation of a macroscopic dipole from electron—hole pairs. Cooperative emission of radiation in this system results in generation of a powerful ultrashort pulse of the optical gain, which interacts coherently with the semiconductor medium. It is shown that coherent pulsations of the optical field, observed earlier by the author in Q -switched semiconductor lasers, are the result of superfluorescence and of the coherent interaction between the optical field and the medium.
A theoretical study has been made of the transmission of a monochromatic, well-collimated beam of radiation normally incident on idealized material containing only two energy levels. The nonlinear partial differential equations governing the variation of population and photon density in space and time have been solved exactly for arbitrary initial conditions under the assumption that spontaneous emission and thermal relaxation from the excited state can be neglected. These conditions are satisfied in practice when the radiation is in the form of a pulse whose duration is short compared with the characteristic times of these relaxation processes. Two cases are considered in detail: (a) when all atoms are in the ground state and the material absorbs; and (b) when there is a population inversion and the material amplifies. In case (a), the radiation, with a characteristic velocity, ``bores'' its way through an optically dense substance emerging delayed in time and leaving the material in a perfectly transparent or saturated state. In case (b), an incoming pulse is amplified and sharpened—to a degree determined by the gain of the medium. In addition to these cases, the dependence of the apparent spontaneous emission lifetime on the size and population distribution of the material is mentioned.
Transmission characteristics in an excited absorbing medium are discussed on the basis of the photon transport-equation and the rate equations. An increasing power of the C W laser beam passing through the medium is considered when this medium is excited at the same time by a different pulse of radiation. A typical example of a square excitation-pulse states that the transmittance recovers to its original value after it once reaches a maximum value. The time response of the medium depends upon the total number of absorbing centers M, the absorption cross-section σ, and the relaxation time τ as well as the intensity of radiation sources I. The decay time of the increased transmittance is proportional to τ/σM if the quantity (1-M/2τI) is kept constant. As a numerical example the relaxation time of SF6 is estimated to be 2×10-6 s at a pressure of 3.7 Torr in comparison with an experimental result.
A review is given of the investigations of the coherent interaction of light pulses with resonantly absorbing two-level media. An analysis is made of the self-induced transparency discovered by McCall and Hahn and of its importance in quantum electronics. Bleached states associated with the phase modulation are considered in detail. A comparison is made with the theory of nonlinear waves of different physical origin. A review is given of some possible physical applications associated with the discriminatory nature of the transmission and delay of light in the self-induced transparency effect.