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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum dynamic holography based on experiments on stopping of light pulses

Sergei N. Andrianov, Самарцев Виталий Владимирович

Published Nov 15, 2001• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The arrangement of experiments on stopping of light pulses is generalized on the non-collinear falling of initial waves. Kinetic equations describing the recording and retrieving of information are derived in the framework of nonequilibrium statistical operator method. Their holographic solution is obtained. It shows that the direction of retrieved wave is defined by phase synchronism condition appropriate to dynamic holography in general. With that, the information is stored in such quantum holography on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs of atomic transitions thus providing extremely dense recording of information with possibility of its quantum processing after recording and subsequent non-demolition read out of computed result.

DOI
10.1117/12.447958

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The arrangement of experiments on stopping of light pulses is generalized on the non-collinear falling of initial waves. Kinetic equations describing the recording and retrieving of information are derived in the framework of nonequilibrium statistical operator method. Their holographic solution is obtained. It shows that the direction of retrieved wave is defined by phase synchronism condition appropriate to dynamic holography in general. With that, the information is stored in such quantum holography on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs of atomic transitions thus providing extremely dense recording of information with possibility of its quantum processing after recording and subsequent non-demolition read out of computed result.
The possibility of quantum holography in the medium of in homogeneously broadened two-level atoms for two-photon regime of operation proposed by A. Rebane is discussed and peculiarities of such holographic process are considered. The experimental scheme for recording of such holograms is suggested. The conditions for realization of quantum holographic process with this scheme are considered. Also, the original approach for quantum holography in homogeneously broadened three-level atomic system using “stopping of light” procedure is proposed and the theory of such process is constructed
A study is made of the excitation of inhomogeneous holographic gratings by ultrashort light pulses with an arbitrary amplitude and phase modulation in a cubic nonlinear medium. The relaxation and diffusion of a pulse-induced grating is considered. The problem of diffraction of probe radiation by an inhomogeneous grating is solved using an electrodynamic theory of perturbations and also using the coupled wave approximation. It is shown that a cubic nonlinear medium may be used to store and then to retrieve uniquely a complete complex coherence function of a pulse. A simple method is proposed for the determination of the area under an exciting pulse, which makes it possible to introduce integral parameters of such a pulse (including a generalized amplitude and duration) that can serve as satisfactory estimates of the corresponding real quantities.
We study the conditions under which atomic condensates can be used as holographic recording media and then suggest a scheme which allows us to reconstruct the original object with an atomic reading beam. The recording method relies on the observation that the shape of a condensate in the Thomas-Fermi limit closely follows the form of the confining potential. Holographic information can thus be stored as density modulations. The reading scheme proceeds in analogy to optical Fresnel sideband holography with an atomic beam replacing the reading laser.
Quantum imaging usually refers to imaging that takes advantage of quantum entanglement to obtain results beyond the classically achievable limits [1]. Various complex experimental setups are used to obtain quantum images, and even more complex experimental setups are used when the goal is to record and retrieve the phase information of the object. Classical holography offers the possibility to record and retrieve phase information from a hologram [2]. However, in low-light conditions, a major challenge is to record images with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Classical schemes [3]–[5], of course, do not aim to demonstrate the quantum properties of the experiments, and quantum schemes [6]–[8] rely on complex preparation of the light beam and do not necessarily provide an advantage for holographic imaging. To date, no simple quantum scheme with quantum advantage has been developed for low-light holographic imaging.
The retrieval of the phase with single-photon states is a fundamentally and technically challenging endeavor. Here we report an experimental realization of hologram recordings with heralded single-photon illumination and continuous observation of photon statistics. Thereby, we demonstrate the basic principle of holography with single-photon states which cannot be described with the classical wave theory. Under conditions with illumination more than 200 times weaker than the noise of the detector, a hologram (interferogram) recorded with a heralded single-photon source revealed an object not visible with nonheralded illumination and slightly higher intensity. The dramatic improvement in retrieval of amplitude and phase information achieved with the heralded single-photon source can be explained by the strong suppression of noise due to the nonclassical temporal correlation between twin photons and the small coincidence time window. The method could be useful for recording and retrieving amplitude and phase information in the presence of strong noise, for covert imaging, and for imaging of photosensitive biological and material samples.
For the holographic recording of the wave field of an object, a pattern created by the interference of the reference wave and the wave scattered by the object is used. Traditional holography requires mutual coherence of the reference and object-related beams. However, it has been shown in this work that the holographic recording of information concerning the object under study is possible without coherence between them, even by using radiation from different sources. Such recording can be carried out by employing subcycle or unipolar radiation pulses, when a resonant medium with a large phase memory time T 2 is used as the recording medium. In this case, the medium records the interference pattern formed by the subcycle or unipolar pulse reflected from the object and the polarization wave created by the same short pulse. Coherence is ensured by a polarization wave, which interacting with radiation reflected from the object induces a population grating in such a medium. This grating mimics the interference pattern in a similar holographic process with a monochromatic source having the wavelength equal to that corresponding to the resonant transition in the medium.