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European Frequency and Time Forum

Dark resonance in wall-coated cell for Rb clocks

Evelina Breschi, G. Mileti

Published Apr 1, 2010• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work aims at evaluating the potential of anti-spin-relaxation wall-coated cells for the development of an atomic clock based on coherent population trapping effect. We measure stability of 3·10-12at 1 s and of about 1·10-11at 104s. These values seem limited by the detection noise level and the frequency drift induced by the coating, respectively.

DOI
10.1109/eftf.2010.6533677

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European Frequency and Time Forum•Apr 1, 2010•5 citations
This work aims at evaluating the potential of anti-spin-relaxation wall-coated cells for the development of an atomic clock based on coherent population trapping effect. We measure stability of 3·10-12at 1 s and of about 1·10-11at 104s. These values seem limited by the detection noise level and the frequency drift induced by the coating, respectively.
We present a comparative study of the light-shifts (ac Stark shift) in a Rb vapour cell using two possible schemes for Rb atomic clocks: double resonance (DR) and coherent population trapping (CPT). For both schemes, the same wall-coated cell in a compact atomic resonator was used. The light-shift resulting from a monochromatic (DR) or a non-monochromatic (CPT) optical excitation was measured as a function of the laser intensity and the laser frequency and compared with existing theoretical results.
The present work for the first time reports on studies of properties of dynamically excited coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances in cells without buffer gas (both with and without anti-relaxation coating of their inner walls). Over the 0−3 kHz range of CPT resonance scanning frequencies, the discriminant curve slope was determined, as well as measured stability of atomic clocks. The work provides details of the experiments and analyses prospects of application of results for improvement of atomic clock stability. The work also discusses the newly discovered different character of CPT resonance shape evolution in cells with and without buffer gas.
This work presents a study of the short-term stability properties of Rb atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping (CPT) under dynamic excitation of a CPT resonance in cells without buffer gas. It is demonstrated that in an optical cell with anti-relaxation coating of its inner walls, the best stability is achieved at the scanning frequency of the frequency difference of the bichromatic pump field equal to 2 kHz at the resonance width of 450 Hz. In cells without a wall coating, the optimal scanning frequency range is found to be 1.2–2.8 kHz at the resonance width of 29 kHz. Examination of the slope of the stabilization system’s discriminant curve at zero error signal for buffer-gas-free cells uncovered an amount of correlation between the discriminant curve slope and atomic clock stability. It is demonstrated that the highest stability of atomic clocks in dynamic excitation mode is achieved at a ratio of scanning frequency and amplitude around 1.
In this paper, we present our studies on double resonance using atomic 87Rb in a wall-coated cell, in view of applications in a laser-pumped Rb atomic frequency standard. We study the systematic clock frequency shifts in a wall-coated cell, such as light shift, microwave power shift [11, 12] and shift due to cell temperature [13] (for the cell body, and for the Rb reservoir, also called the cell stem). We also report on our clock stability measurement using the wallcoated cell in DR scheme, and discuss the influence of the shift parameters first on the frequency stability of the clock.