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Analysis of polarization state in quantum key distribution via single-photon two-qubit states

Guhao Zhao, Shanghong Zhao, Zhoushi Yao, Hao Chen-Lu, Wen Meng, Xiang Wang, Zhihang Zhu, Feng Liu

Published Nov 20, 2013• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.07.072

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A new quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme, based on quantum state fusion and fission, is proposed. By using quantum state fusion and a spatial-temporal mode conversion circuit, two polarization modes of two photons can be converted into one temporal-polarization mode of one photon. Also, by using quantum state fission and a temporal-spatial mode conversion circuit one temporal-polarization mode of one photon can be converted into two polarization modes of two photons with the help of an ancilla photon. When the state fusion and fission processes are applied in QKD system, the sender can transmit two polarization qubits at one time and the receiver detects two single photons separately after state fission. Thus, the total count rate of photons is improved. More importantly, the quantum bit error rate decreases. The numerical analysis results show that by using this scheme the key generation rate is improved efficiently and communication distance can be increased by 6~30Km depending on different polarization misalignment errors.
We propose a scheme for quantum key distribution, in which single photons are encoded with polarization states and then divided and delayed to encode phase differences between two sequential pulses. In an example, the BB84 and DPS (differential phase shift) protocols are combined to achieve single-photon two-qubit quantum key distribution. This scheme can increase the key generation efficiency up to 7/6, higher than that of the conventional single-photon one-qubit quantum key distribution scheme.