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Physics Letters A

Robust quantum key distribution with two-photon polarization states

Ming Gao, Lin-Mei Liang, Cheng-Zu Li, Chen-Lin Tian

Published Jul 7, 2006• 8 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2006.06.080

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been proved unconditionally secure. But noise and imperfection of realistic devices are major difficulties for implementing quantum key distribution. Particularly, the birefringence in optical fiber corresponds to an insuppressible collective unitary transformation on the polarization space. Obviously does not change the permutation symmetry of multiphoton state. By encoding on three 3-photon states with different permutation symmetries, we propose a novel polarization-based protocol, which is robust against an arbitrary degree of collective noise. A clear characteristic of this protocol is that entanglement is absent in principle.
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As quantum key distribution progresses into commercial products and services, there is growing interest in technological solutions that improve performance and/or reduce costs. We present an experimental demonstration of the polarization-based three-level decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, at a clock frequency of 50 MHz, that relies on fewer resources at the receiver and increases robustness to side-channel attacks for both the transmitter and receiver. A single-laser source and cascade of electro-optic modulators provide the four polarization states, while a photonic recombiner with time-multiplexed inputs enables detection with a single detector.