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Physical Review A

Direct observation of the ΔJ=2 forbidden transition in Nd i induced by the second-order hyperfine perturbation

M. Wakasugi, W. Yang, Wei-Guo Jin, T. Horiguchi

Published Nov 1, 1991• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The fluorescence of a forbidden transition from the ground state ${(}^{5}$I, J''=4) to the 18 249.275-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ (J=6) level in Nd i was directly observed by atomic-beam laser spectroscopy. This transition was found to be caused by the second-order hyperfine perturbation from the close-lying 18 249.784-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ (J'=5) level. Thus the fluorescence peaks were observed only for odd isotopes of $^{143}\mathrm{Nd}$ and $^{145}\mathrm{Nd}$, and no peaks for even isotopes. Both the relative frequencies and the relative intensities of all the observed forbidden transitions agree well with the theoretical calculation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.44.6115

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Laser cooling and quantum jumps of a single indium ion

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We performed laser spectroscopy of ${\mathrm{In}}^{+}$ ions stored in a radio-frequency trap. The 5${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ transition at 230.6 nm was excited and its hyperfine splitting and isotope shift have been measured. The lifetime of the $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ state was measured using intensity modulated laser excitation: \ensuremath{\tau}${(}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$)=0.44(4) \ensuremath{\mu}s. A single indium ion was laser cooled using this intercombination line and dark periods in the fluorescence were observed when the metastable $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ state was populated by a magnetic dipole decay from $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$. The radiative lifetime of the forbidden transition $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ was determined from the duration of the dark periods: \ensuremath{\tau}${(}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$)=0.14(2) s. This value is compared to calculations based on perturbation theory. Prospects for an optical frequency standard using the narrow 5${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ resonance at 236.5 nm of a single laser-cooled indium ion are discussed.

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Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of the laser-cooling Fe I 358-nm line

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We report on the measurement of the isotope shifts of the $3{d}^{7}4s\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{}^{5}{F}_{5}\text{--}3{d}^{7}4p\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}z\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{}^{5}{G}_{6}^{o}$ Fe i line at 358 nm between all four stable isotopes $^{54}\text{Fe},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{56}\text{Fe},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{57}\text{Fe}$, and $^{58}\text{Fe}$, as well as the hyperfine structure of that line for $^{57}\text{Fe}$, the only stable isotope having a nonzero nuclear spin. This line is of primary importance for laser-cooling applications. In addition, an experimental value of the field and specific mass shift coefficients of the transition is reported as well as the hyperfine structure magnetic dipole coupling constant $A$ of the transition excited state in $^{57}\text{Fe}$, namely $A(3{d}^{7}4p\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}z\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{}^{5}{G}_{6}^{o})=31.241(48)$ MHz. The measurements were carried out by means of laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy performed on an isotope-enriched iron atomic beam. All measured frequency shifts are reported with relative uncertainties below one third percent.

arXiv:1507.01498•Physical Review A•Nov 4, 2015•5 citations
The fluorescence of a forbidden transition from the ground state (5{(}^{5}(5I, J''=4) to the 18 249.275-cm\ensuremath−1{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}cm\ensuremath−1 (J=6) level in Nd i was directly observed by atomic-beam laser spectroscopy. This transition was found to be caused by the second-order hyperfine perturbation from the close-lying 18 249.784-cm\ensuremath−1{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}cm\ensuremath−1 (J'=5) level. Thus the fluorescence peaks were observed only for odd isotopes of 143Nd^{143}\mathrm{Nd}143Nd and 145Nd^{145}\mathrm{Nd}145Nd, and no peaks for even isotopes. Both the relative frequencies and the relative intensities of all the observed forbidden transitions agree well with the theoretical calculation.
High Rydberg levels of ytterbium were studied in a beam of metastable atoms. Levels of the series 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd were populated from the metastable 4f14^{14}14 6s 6p 3^33Po_oo​ level by means of the U.V. light of a frequency-doubled single-mode dye laser and detected using the field ionization technique. The critical ionization fields FcF_cFc​ of the levels 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd 3^33D1_11​ (24 ≤ n ≤ 57) were measured and found to obey the saddle point law (FcF_cFc​ = (16 n∗4n^{*4}n∗4)−1^{-1}−1). The hyperfine structures of the odd isotopes were investigated. They are very peculiar due to the fact that the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as (or even for the highest nnn values, much more important than) the spin-orbit and electrostatic interactions. A theoretical account of the observed structures using the Slater-Condon parametric method is given. The relative influence of the excited (nnnd) and of the non-excited (6s) optical electron could thus be studied. Furthermore the influence of a valence level perturbing only the odd isotopes components for nnn = 26 was demonstrated.
We performed laser spectroscopy of In+{\mathrm{In}}^{+}In+ ions stored in a radio-frequency trap. The 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ transition at 230.6 nm was excited and its hyperfine splitting and isotope shift have been measured. The lifetime of the 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ state was measured using intensity modulated laser excitation: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​)=0.44(4) \ensuremath{\mu}s. A single indium ion was laser cooled using this intercombination line and dark periods in the fluorescence were observed when the metastable 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ state was populated by a magnetic dipole decay from 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​. The radiative lifetime of the forbidden transition 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{1}$S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​ was determined from the duration of the dark periods: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​)=0.14(2) s. This value is compared to calculations based on perturbation theory. Prospects for an optical frequency standard using the narrow 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ resonance at 236.5 nm of a single laser-cooled indium ion are discussed.
The hyperfine structure of the ${}^{2}{S}_{1/2}{\ensuremath{-}}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ quadrupole transition at 674 nm in 87Sr+{}^{87}{\mathrm{Sr}}^{+}87Sr+ has been observed. The ion was confined in a Paul trap and cooled using laser radiation at 422 and 1092 nm. The quadrupole transition was observed by monitoring quantum jumps in the 422-nm fluorescence. The odd isotope of strontium has ``clock'' transitions independent of the first-order Zeeman shift and the 2D5/2{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}2D5/2​ state hyperfine structure constants have been determined as AD5/2=2.1743(14)MHz{A}_{{D}_{5/2}}=2.1743(14)\mathrm{MHz}AD5/2​​=2.1743(14)MHz and BD5/2=49.11(6)MHz.{B}_{{D}_{5/2}}=49.11(6)\mathrm{MHz}.BD5/2​​=49.11(6)MHz. Standard uncertainties have been added in parentheses. These values allow the second-order Zeeman shifts to be calculated. The ${}^{88}{\mathrm{Sr}}^{+}{\ensuremath{-}}^{87}{\mathrm{Sr}}^{+}$ isotope shift for the 674-nm quadrupole transition has been measured to be 247.99(4) MHz.
We performed laser spectroscopy of In+{\mathrm{In}}^{+}In+ ions stored in a radio-frequency trap. The 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ transition at 230.6 nm was excited and its hyperfine splitting and isotope shift have been measured. The lifetime of the 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ state was measured using intensity modulated laser excitation: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​)=0.44(4) \ensuremath{\mu}s. A single indium ion was laser cooled using this intercombination line and dark periods in the fluorescence were observed when the metastable 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ state was populated by a magnetic dipole decay from 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​. The radiative lifetime of the forbidden transition 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{1}$S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​ was determined from the duration of the dark periods: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​)=0.14(2) s. This value is compared to calculations based on perturbation theory. Prospects for an optical frequency standard using the narrow 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ resonance at 236.5 nm of a single laser-cooled indium ion are discussed.
We report on the measurement of the isotope shifts of the 3d74sa5F5–3d74pz5G6o3{d}^{7}4s\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{}^{5}{F}_{5}\text{--}3{d}^{7}4p\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}z\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{}^{5}{G}_{6}^{o}3d74sa5F5​–3d74pz5G6o​ Fe i line at 358 nm between all four stable isotopes 54Fe,56Fe,57Fe^{54}\text{Fe},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{56}\text{Fe},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{57}\text{Fe}54Fe,56Fe,57Fe, and 58Fe^{58}\text{Fe}58Fe, as well as the hyperfine structure of that line for 57Fe^{57}\text{Fe}57Fe, the only stable isotope having a nonzero nuclear spin. This line is of primary importance for laser-cooling applications. In addition, an experimental value of the field and specific mass shift coefficients of the transition is reported as well as the hyperfine structure magnetic dipole coupling constant AAA of the transition excited state in 57Fe^{57}\text{Fe}57Fe, namely A(3d74pz5G6o)=31.241(48)A(3{d}^{7}4p\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}z\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{}^{5}{G}_{6}^{o})=31.241(48)A(3d74pz5G6o​)=31.241(48) MHz. The measurements were carried out by means of laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy performed on an isotope-enriched iron atomic beam. All measured frequency shifts are reported with relative uncertainties below one third percent.