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Quantum Electronics

Excited-state absorption in an yttrium aluminium garnet crystal doped with V3+ions

Konstantin V. Yumashev, Н. В. Кулешов, Alexander M. Malyarevich, Pavel V. Prokoshin, V. G. Shcherbitskii, N. N. Posnov, V. P. Mikhailov, V. A. Sandulenko

Published Nov 30, 1996• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The differential absorption spectra of an V 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystal were investigated by a picosecond pump-and-probe method. An analysis of the results led to the conclusion that the induced absorption bands observed in the 850–890 and 650–770 nm ranges were due to, respectively, the 1 E ( 1 D )→ 1 T 1 ( 1 G ) and 1 E ( 1 D )→ 1 E ( 1 G ), 1 T 2 ( 1 G ) transitions in a tetrahedrally coordinated V 3+ ion. The lifetime of the 1 E ( 1 D ) level was estimated to be ~ 130 ps. Bleaching of the 3 A 2 → 3 T 1 ( 3 P ) absorption band of the tetrahedral V 3+ ion was also observed.

DOI
10.1070/qe1996v026n11abeh000852

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An investigation was made of the absorption spectrum of Cr 3+ ions in the ground ( 4 A 2 ) and metastable ( 2 E) states, and of the luminescence spectrum of the same ions in Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystals at 300 and 77°K. The effective absorption cross sections were determined for the 4 A 2 state. The luminescence deexcitation time was found to be 1.5 and 9 msec at 300 and 77°K, respectively. The absorption spectrum of the 2 E state had four wide absorption bands with maxima at 16,700, 23,300, 28,600, and 40,500 cm –1 . The theoretical energy level scheme of Cr 3+ was calculated for Dq = 1725 cm –1 , G = 640 cm –1 , C = 3200 cm –1 , v = 495 cm –1 , and v' = 259 cm –1 , making an allowance for the mixing of the Γ trig S states. The experimentally observed absorption bands were attributed to specific transitions and the theoretical and experimental intensities were compared.

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Apr 30, 1973•13 citations
The differential absorption spectra of an V 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystal were investigated by a picosecond pump-and-probe method. An analysis of the results led to the conclusion that the induced absorption bands observed in the 850–890 and 650–770 nm ranges were due to, respectively, the 1 E ( 1 D )→ 1 T 1 ( 1 G ) and 1 E ( 1 D )→ 1 E ( 1 G ), 1 T 2 ( 1 G ) transitions in a tetrahedrally coordinated V 3+ ion. The lifetime of the 1 E ( 1 D ) level was estimated to be ~ 130 ps. Bleaching of the 3 A 2 → 3 T 1 ( 3 P ) absorption band of the tetrahedral V 3+ ion was also observed.
Temperature dependence of an enhanced excited state absorption was investigated in erbium-doped garnet crystals using 787.3 and 787.8 nm laser diodes. The enhanced absorption was obtained at temperature ranges of 15–570 K, 15–420 K, and 15–1200 K in a yttrium aluminum garnet, a yttrium scandium gallium garnet, and a lutetium aluminum garnet, respectively. Absorption peaks corresponding to both the I1615/2−I49/2 and the I1613/2−I211/2 transitions of Er3+ in garnets were shifted from those for 300 K at high temperature. The enhanced absorption weakened at high temperature because an absorption cross section from the I413/2 level to the H211/2 level decreased due to the shift of the absorption peaks. It has been confirmed that a mechanism of the enhanced absorption can be explained by calculating the rate equations based on an analytical model for a five-level system of the Er3+ ion. It is suggested that the enhanced absorption weakened at temperatures lower than 12 K because the number of phonons decreased due to low temperature.
Using a laser diode modulated at 250 and 500 MHz, dependence of enhanced absorption on both sample length and temperature was investigated in an erbium doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal. The transmitted laser intensity decreased with a decay time of 300 ps for sample lengths greater than 3.0 mm and temperatures higher than 50 K when the incident laser intensity increased. In addition, an emission peak was observed near 835 nm corresponding to the transition from the S3/24 level to the I13/24 in Er3+. It was suggested that the enhanced absorption was caused by stimulated emission in three excited states.
Stimulated emission due to the 4 I 11/2 – 4 I 13/2 transition (λ = 2.936 μ) in yttrium aluminum garnet (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ) doped with Er 3+ ions (30 wt%) was observed for the first time at 300°K. The output energy from crystals of 50 × 3 mm dimensions was 0.3 J under free-oscillation conditions and 0.05 J in the case of Q switching. The lifetime of the 4 I 11/2 level was determined for crystals with 3–30 wt% Er 3+ . The energy from the higher Er 3+ levels relaxed in a cascade manner through 4 I 11/2 to 4 I 13/2 .
High-power, picosecond-pulse excitation was used to study the dynamics of the pumping and decay processes in Y3{\mathrm{Y}}_{3}Y3​Al5{\mathrm{Al}}_{5}Al5​O12{\mathrm{O}}_{12}O12​:Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+. The observed fluorescence spectral lines are assigned to transitions from three different metastable states excited by both single-photon and two-photon absorption. The branching ratios, lifetimes, and quantum efficiencies of the metastable states are obtained from the data as well as the two-photon absorption cross sections. The results provide useful information concerning ultraviolet pumping efficiencies of the Nd-YAG (Nd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser transition and the $5d\ensuremath{-}4f$ nonradiative decay rate for this material. In addition, the time-resolved spectroscopy method employed here is shown to be an extremely sensitive technique for obtaining two-photon absorption cross sections.
An investigation was made of the absorption spectrum of Cr 3+ ions in the ground ( 4 A 2 ) and metastable ( 2 E) states, and of the luminescence spectrum of the same ions in Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystals at 300 and 77°K. The effective absorption cross sections were determined for the 4 A 2 state. The luminescence deexcitation time was found to be 1.5 and 9 msec at 300 and 77°K, respectively. The absorption spectrum of the 2 E state had four wide absorption bands with maxima at 16,700, 23,300, 28,600, and 40,500 cm –1 . The theoretical energy level scheme of Cr 3+ was calculated for Dq = 1725 cm –1 , G = 640 cm –1 , C = 3200 cm –1 , v = 495 cm –1 , and v' = 259 cm –1 , making an allowance for the mixing of the Γ trig S states. The experimentally observed absorption bands were attributed to specific transitions and the theoretical and experimental intensities were compared.