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Journal of Applied Physics

Extraordinary magnetic field induced suppression of luminescence in Er3+-doped nano-glass-ceramics

Liviu F. Chibotaru, Victor K. Tikhomirov, Damien Saurel, V. V. Moshchalkov

Published Sep 1, 2009• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effect of magnetic field on luminescence intensity is generally expected to be rather weak. Contrary to this expectation, we report here an extraordinary strong intensity suppression (by two orders of magnitude) of the Er3+ S43/2→I415/2 green emission line in Er3+-doped nano-glass-ceramics by applying magnetic field up to 50 T. We argue that this effect arises from different site geometries and, consequently, strongly differing Judd–Ofelt intensities of transitions for the two Kramers doublets of the emitting S43/2 multiplet.

DOI
10.1063/1.3211852

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The effect of magnetic field on luminescence intensity is generally expected to be rather weak. Contrary to this expectation, we report here an extraordinary strong intensity suppression (by two orders of magnitude) of the Er3+ S43/2→I415/2 green emission line in Er3+-doped nano-glass-ceramics by applying magnetic field up to 50 T. We argue that this effect arises from different site geometries and, consequently, strongly differing Judd–Ofelt intensities of transitions for the two Kramers doublets of the emitting S43/2 multiplet.
Magnetic field-modulated luminescence in lanthanide-doped nanomaterials offers crucial insights for advancing magneto-optical technologies, yet the fundamental mechanisms governing luminescence are still not fully understood. Here, we report Zeeman-effect-induced luminescence suppression in Er3+-doped GdF3 nanoparticles under dual-wavelength excitation (808 nm broadband and 527 nm narrowband) at moderate magnetic fields (up to 1.3 T). Under 808 nm excitation, upconversion emissions (528, 546, and 656 nm) dominated by two-photon absorption exhibit >79% intensity suppression (0.89 T), attributed to energy mismatch caused by Zeeman splitting of sublevels. In contrast, under 527 nm excitation, downconversion emissions (656, 842, and 983 nm) show uniform suppression (∼66% at 1.3 T) due to magnetic field-induced splitting of the 2H11/2 energy level. A simplified model elucidates how Zeeman splitting alters absorption resonance, with theoretical calculations aligning closely with experimental trends. This study reveals the physical mechanisms of magnetic field modulation using dual-wavelength excitation, providing a foundation for expanding magneto-optical technologies in imaging and sensing applications.
A bright green photoluminescence (PL) from 4S3∕2 → 4I15∕2 emission band in Er3+:YVO4 single crystal has been observed with the excitation of an argon laser at 488.0 nm. More than two orders of PL enhancement have been obtained under the effect of magnetic fields, and the enhancement factor f reaches 170 when the applied magnetic field is 7.7 T under the sample temperature of 4.2 K. Unusually, the PL enhancements only happen at some certain magnetic fields (Bcs), and a decrease of sample temperature will lead to the increase of f and decrease of Bc. The results confirm that this PL enhancement originates from the resonance excitation of the electron transitions induced by the cross of the laser energy and the absorption energy modulated by both the magnetic field and temperature. This special PL enhancement in Er3+:YVO4 single crystal can be applied in the calibration of pulsed high magnetic field, detection of material fine energy structures, and modulation of magneto-optical devices.
Strong green and middle infrared (MIR) photoluminescence (PL) has been observed in Er3+: GdVO4 crystal excited by a 488 nm argon laser. Nearly 25 times of magnitude increase of PL intensity has been obtained for both green and MIR emissions under moderate low magnetic field of 4 T. The temperature- and magnetic field- dependent PL demonstrated that both excitation and emission energy transitions have made contributions to the PL enhancement, and stronger PL enhancement usually happens at the transitions with energy levels possessing larger population of electrons. The results are important and encouraging since it not only reveals the originations of the magnetic induced PL enhancement, but also drag people closer to the utilization of magnetic induced PL modulations under moderate low magnetic field.
We measured the optical decoherence times T2, or, equivalently, the homogeneous line width, in an Er-doped optical fiber at low temperature as a function of external magnetic field and temperature using two-pulse photon echoes. The decoherence times were up to 230 ns at fields above 3 T. The magnitude of the line narrowing induced by a magnetic field of 3 T is 2.5 MHz, which is anomalously large compared to that typical for oxide crystals with similar Er3+ concentration. This is interpreted as evidence for dephasing by coupled spin-elastic tunneling modes where the normal glass tunneling modes acquire a magnetic character by coupling to the Er3+ spin.
La3+ is used as an index modifier to tune the refractive index of Er3+ doped Y2O3 transparent ceramics without reducing the coherence lifetime of Er3+ 4I13/2−4I15/2 transition. La3+ and Er3+ are incorporated into Y2O3 through a solution-phase nanoparticle synthesis and nanoparticles are sintered into transparent ceramics by hot isostatic press. The maximum La3+ doping concentration is about 10%, which increases the refractive index of Y2O3 by 0.009 (Δn/n = 0.48%). La3+ doping doesn’t reduce Er3+ optical coherence lifetime. The homogeneous linewidth of Er3+(20 ppm) 4I13/2−4I15/2 transition in La3+ doped Y2O3 ceramics is about 10 kHz at 2 K and 0.65 T, which is close to the reported homogeneous linewidth in Er3+ doped Y2O3 ceramics and single crystals. Such La3+ Er3+ co-doped Y2O3 ceramics are proper materials to fabricate optical waveguides for quantum memory applications.
Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Er3+ in an Er-doped silicon film were recorded at 2 and 77 K over the wavelength range from 1.52 to 1.68 μm, which includes optical transitions between the Er3+ I13/24 and I15/24 manifolds. These spectra were then analyzed to determine the nature of the electrostatic field at the site of the Er ion that governs the ion’s optical behavior. The PL spectra were analyzed three different ways: by considering the Er3+ ions to be occupying sites of Td, C3, or D2d point group symmetry. Transition energies and magnetic dipole transition probabilities were calculated for each case by diagonalizing a Hamiltonian representing the free-ion and crystal-field interactions in a Russell–Saunders basis of states spanning the lowest 15 J multiplets of the 4f11 electronic configuration of Er3+. Crystal-field parameters were varied in each case to find the best agreement with the experiment. Our results showed that the site symmetry of the Er3+ ions most consistent with the data is D2d. For this case, the rms deviation between the experimental and calculated energy levels is 3.3 cm−1 with the calculated magnetic dipole transition probabilities in qualitative agreement with the experiment.